Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a variable measured on a nominal scale?

Accepted Answer

The brand of smartphone a person uses (e.g., Apple, Samsung, Google)

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the average time (in minutes) it takes customers to be served at a coffee shop. Which type of variable is 'time to be served'?

Accepted Answer

Numerical (continuous)

Question 3

Which of the following best describes a ratio scale?

Accepted Answer

An ordered scale with meaningful differences and a true zero point

Question 4

A company wants to ensure that its sample of employees represents all departments proportionally. Which sampling method should they use?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 5

Which of the following is a potential source of measurement error in a survey?

Accepted Answer

Ambiguous or leading questions

Question 6

A sample statistic is used to:

Accepted Answer

Estimate a population parameter

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a nonprobability sampling method?

Accepted Answer

Convenience sampling

Question 8

A survey asks respondents to rate their satisfaction on a scale from 1 (very dissatisfied) to 5 (very satisfied). What is the measurement scale of this variable?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 9

Which of the following is a key difference between an observational study and a designed experiment?

Accepted Answer

In a designed experiment, the researcher controls which items receive the treatment

Question 10

A researcher collects data on the number of cars passing through an intersection every hour. What type of variable is 'number of cars'?

Accepted Answer

Numerical (discrete)

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of coverage error in a survey?

Accepted Answer

Excluding people without internet access from an online survey

Question 12

Suppose you want to select a sample of 50 students from a university with 5,000 students by choosing every 100th student from an alphabetical list. What sampling method are you using?

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling

Question 13

Which of the following is a primary source of data?

Accepted Answer

Data collected from an experiment you conducted

Question 14

A researcher divides a city into 20 neighborhoods and randomly selects 5 neighborhoods. All households in those 5 neighborhoods are surveyed. What sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a common data cleaning task?

Accepted Answer

Calculating the mean of a variable

Question 16

If a variable is recoded from a numerical value (e.g., age) into categories (e.g., 'child', 'teen', 'adult'), what must be ensured about the new categories?

Accepted Answer

They are mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive

Question 17

A political poll is conducted by calling only landline phone numbers. Which type of survey error is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Coverage error

Question 18

Which of the following best describes sampling error?

Accepted Answer

The natural variation in results from sample to sample

Question 19

A company wants to analyze customer satisfaction by dividing responses into 'Very Satisfied', 'Satisfied', 'Neutral', 'Dissatisfied', and 'Very Dissatisfied'. What is the appropriate measurement scale for this variable?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of a continuous variable?

Accepted Answer

The weight of a shipment measured in kilograms

Defining and Collecting Data: Foundations of Business Statistics

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