Q: What is the formula for calculating the relative frequency of a class?

$$\text{Relative Frequency} = \frac{\text{Frequency}}{\text{Total}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a contingency table?

Accepted Answer

A table that cross-tabulates or tallies jointly the responses of two or more categorical variables.

Question 2

A manufacturer records the daily high temperature for 20 days: 12, 13, 17, 21, 24, 24, 26, 27, 27, 30, 32, 35, 37, 38, 41, 43, 44, 46, 53, 58. If you want to create 5 classes for a frequency distribution, what is the width of each class interval?

Accepted Answer

$$10$$

Question 3

Which graphical display is most appropriate for visualizing the relationship between two numerical variables?

Accepted Answer

Scatter plot

Question 4

What is the main purpose of a Pareto chart?

Accepted Answer

To separate the 'vital few' from the 'trivial many' by displaying categories in descending order of frequency.

Question 5

If a bar chart is constructed with the vertical axis not starting at zero, what type of error might this introduce?

Accepted Answer

It may exaggerate differences between categories.

Question 6

Given a frequency distribution with the following classes and frequencies: 10–20 (3), 20–30 (6), 30–40 (5), 40–50 (4), 50–60 (2), what is the cumulative frequency for the class 30–40?

Accepted Answer

$$14$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a best practice for constructing visualizations?

Accepted Answer

Use 3D or 'exploded' effects to make charts more attractive.

Question 8

Why is it important to use relative or percentage distributions when comparing two groups with different sample sizes?

Accepted Answer

Because it allows for a fair comparison regardless of group size.

Question 9

A summary table is used to:

Accepted Answer

Display the frequencies or percentages of items in a set of categories for one categorical variable.

Question 10

Which visualization would be most appropriate for showing the percentage of students using different types of devices to watch movies?

Accepted Answer

Pie chart

Question 11

What is the formula for calculating the relative frequency of a class?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Relative Frequency} = \frac{	ext{Frequency}}{	ext{Total}}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a potential issue with pie charts?

Accepted Answer

It can be difficult to compare the size of slices accurately.

Question 13

A time-series plot is best used to:

Accepted Answer

Study patterns in the values of a numeric variable over time.

Question 14

If you want to identify outliers in a dataset, which organization method is most helpful?

Accepted Answer

Ordered array

Question 15

Which of the following statements about histograms is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Histograms display the frequency, relative frequency, or percentage of numerical data.

Question 16

What is the main advantage of using a frequency distribution?

Accepted Answer

It condenses raw data into a more useful form and allows for quick visual interpretation.

Question 17

Which visualization is best for comparing the frequencies of two categorical variables side by side?

Accepted Answer

Side by side bar chart

Question 18

When constructing a frequency distribution, what is the recommended minimum and maximum number of classes?

Accepted Answer

At least 5 and no more than 15

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of 'chartjunk'?

Accepted Answer

A chart with unnecessary 3D effects and decorative images that do not add information.

Question 20

A multidimensional contingency table is used to:

Accepted Answer

Tally the responses of three or more categorical variables to discover patterns and relationships.

Organizing and Visualizing Variables: Structured Study Notes for Business Statistics

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