뒤로Antibody Structure and Diversity definitions
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1/16뒤로Skip to main content뒤로Antibody
Y-shaped protein produced by B cells, composed of two heavy and two light chains, with highly specific antigen recognition. Immunoglobulin
Alternate name for antibody, often abbreviated as Ig, referring to the same Y-shaped immune protein. Heavy Chain
Larger polypeptide component of an antibody, present in two copies, determining antibody class and function. Light Chain
Smaller polypeptide component of an antibody, present in two copies, contributing to antigen binding. Antigen-Binding Site
Region at the tips of the antibody Y structure, formed by both heavy and light chains, responsible for antigen recognition. Variable Region
Portion of antibody chains with sequence diversity, enabling recognition of a vast array of antigens. Constant Region
Segment of antibody chains with conserved sequence within each class, determining effector function. Hypervariable Region
Short stretch within the variable region, containing the most sequence diversity and direct antigen contact points. VDJ Recombination
Genetic mechanism shuffling variable, diversity, and joining gene segments to generate antibody diversity. Somatic Hypermutation
Process introducing frequent mutations in antibody variable regions of B cells, enhancing antigen affinity. Class Switching
Cellular process enabling B cells to change the antibody class produced, adapting immune responses. IgM
Primary antibody class found on B cell membranes, first produced during immune response. IgD
Antibody class present on B cell membranes, involved in early immune response stages. IgA
Antibody class secreted in mucosal areas, such as tears and saliva, providing localized protection. IgE
Antibody class associated with allergic reactions and defense against parasites. IgG
Most abundant antibody class in blood, capable of crossing the placenta to protect the fetus.
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