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Glycolysis definitions

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  • Glycolysis
    A cytosolic pathway converting glucose to pyruvate, yielding ATP and NADH, and functioning without oxygen.
  • Glucose
    A six-carbon sugar serving as the initial substrate for energy extraction in cellular metabolic pathways.
  • Pyruvate
    A three-carbon end product of glycolysis, acting as a key intermediate for further metabolic processing.
  • ATP
    A universal energy currency produced and consumed during glycolysis, with a net gain of two per glucose.
  • NADH
    An electron carrier generated during glycolysis, crucial for transferring high-energy electrons to later pathways.
  • Cytosol
    The cellular compartment where glycolysis occurs, allowing glucose breakdown independently of organelles.
  • Dehydrogenase
    An enzyme type that oxidizes substrates by removing protons and electrons, facilitating NADH formation.
  • Kinase
    An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups, essential for phosphorylation steps in glycolysis.
  • Isomerase
    An enzyme that rearranges bonds within molecules, enabling structural changes during glycolytic steps.
  • Mutase
    An enzyme shifting chemical groups within a molecule, altering positions without adding or removing atoms.
  • Phosphorylation
    A process involving the addition of phosphate groups to molecules, crucial for trapping glucose in cells.
  • Phosphofructokinase
    A regulatory enzyme catalyzing a key phosphorylation step, controlling glycolytic flux based on ATP levels.
  • Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
    A three-carbon intermediate formed after glucose cleavage, central to energy extraction in glycolysis.
  • Substrate-level phosphorylation
    A mechanism of ATP synthesis where a phosphate group is directly transferred from a substrate to ADP.