Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between phototrophs and chemotrophs?

Accepted Answer

Phototrophs obtain energy from light, while chemotrophs obtain energy from chemical bonds in molecules.

Question 2

According to the second law of thermodynamics, what happens during every physical or chemical change?

Accepted Answer

The universe always tends toward greater disorder or randomness.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the free energy change ($$\Delta G) of a $$reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = G_{final} - G_{initial}$$

Question 4

A reaction at equilibrium has which value for $$\Delta G$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G is $$zero

Question 5

Why is a cell at equilibrium considered a dead cell?

Accepted Answer

Because equilibrium means no net change in reactants or products and no energy flow.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis is the process of spending energy in the cell.

Question 7

Which of the following reactions is an example of substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

The transfer of a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP.

Question 8

During glycolysis, how many net ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

2

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the fate of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate is converted to lactate.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of cellular energy?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of ATP molecules

Question 11

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes decrease the activation energy of a reaction.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the equilibrium constant ($$K_{eq}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$K_{eq} is $$the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations at equilibrium.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the relationship between $$\Delta G$$ and the capacity of a reaction to do work?

Accepted Answer

The more negative $$\Delta G is$$, the more energy the reaction can generate.

Question 14

Which of the following is a universal pathway for cells to extract energy from glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why ATP can phosphorylate glucose but not pyruvate?

Accepted Answer

Glucose has a lower free energy than ATP.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the catabolism of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Alternative substrates are converted in the fewest steps possible into an intermediate in the main glycolysis pathway.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct summary of the glycolytic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is converted to pyruvate, generating ATP and NADH.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the ATP/ADP system in cellular energy metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP/ADP pair accepts and conserves energy from molecules with higher free energy and releases it to molecules with lower free energy.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Production of ATP using energy released from electron transport chain.

Question 20

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of a mutation that prevents the formation of $$eta-$$glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

The organism would be unable to synthesize cellulose.

Bioenergetics and Glycolysis: Cellular Energy Flow and Metabolism

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