Question 1

Which of the following best describes the type of cellular work illustrated by the process of photosynthesis in plants?

Accepted Answer

Synthetic work

Question 2

During photosynthesis, which equation correctly represents the reduction of carbon dioxide to glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 3

Which type of cellular work is illustrated by the contraction of a weight lifter’s muscles?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical work

Question 4

Active inward transport of molecules across a membrane is an example of which type of cellular work?

Accepted Answer

Concentration work

Question 5

Which process is depicted when vesicles form to accumulate molecules inside a cell?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 6

The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move ions across the membrane. Which type of cellular work does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Electrical work

Question 7

Which equation best represents the change in internal energy of a system according to the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta E = E_2$ - E_1$

Question 8

Which of the following is true about the second law of thermodynamics in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

The entropy of the universe increases in spontaneous processes.

Question 9

A reaction has $$\Delta H \u003e 0$$ and $$\Delta S \u003e 0. $$Under what conditions will this reaction be spontaneous?

Accepted Answer

At high temperatures

Question 10

Which formula is used to calculate the free energy change ($$\Delta G) $$for a reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about exergonic reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

They occur spontaneously and release energy.

Question 12

If a reaction has $$\Delta G \u003e 0$$, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is endergonic and requires energy input.

Question 13

Which equation is used to calculate the equilibrium constant ($$K_{eq}) $$for a reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$K_{eq} = \frac{[B]_{eq}}{[A]_{eq}}$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes an open system in biological terms?

Accepted Answer

A system that can exchange energy and matter with its surroundings.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world example of an exothermic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Burning of gasoline in a car

Question 16

Which statement about the relationship between $$\Delta G$$ and $$K_{eq} is $$correct under standard conditions?

Accepted Answer

If $$K_{eq} \u003c 1$$, $$\Delta G^\circ is $$positive and the reaction tends toward reactants.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a major category of cellular work requiring energy?

Accepted Answer

Passive diffusion

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible consequence if a cell reaches equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

The cell will be dead, as no net flow of matter occurs.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why heat has limited biological utility in cells?

Accepted Answer

Most biological systems are isothermal and cannot use heat gradients to perform work.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the flow of energy and matter in the biosphere?

Accepted Answer

Matter cycles continuously, while energy flows unidirectionally from the sun.

CH 5 - Bioenergetics: The Flow of Energy in the Cell (Ch. 5 Study Notes)

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