Q: According to the photosynthesis and respiration diagram, which of the following equations correctly represents cellular respiration?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{Energy}$$

Question 1

Based on the classification flowchart, which of the following best describes an organism that obtains its energy from inorganic oxidation and its carbon from CO$$_2$$?

Accepted Answer

Chemoautotroph

Question 2

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between anabolic and catabolic pathways as shown in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic pathways assemble small molecules into large ones, requiring energy input.

Question 3

Referencing the hydrocarbon molecule and racecar image, what type of energy is primarily stored in the hydrocarbon bonds, and how is it used by the car?

Accepted Answer

Chemical potential energy, converted to kinetic energy for movement

Question 4

According to the photosynthesis and respiration diagram, which of the following equations correctly represents cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{Energy}$$

Question 5

In the context of the exergonic and endergonic reaction graphs, which statement is correct regarding the activation energy and spontaneity of these reactions?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reactions are spontaneous and have a negative $$\Delta G.$$

Question 6

Based on the graph showing catalyzed and uncatalyzed exergonic reactions, what is the primary effect of an enzyme on a reaction?

Accepted Answer

It lowers the activation energy required for the reaction.

Question 7

The dam image illustrates the conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy. Which cellular process is most analogous to this conversion?

Accepted Answer

Muscle contraction powered by ATP hydrolysis

Question 8

A soccer ball at the top of a hill represents which type of energy, and what happens to this energy as the ball rolls down?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy, converted to kinetic energy

Question 9

The image of GFP (green fluorescent protein) and its variants is an example of which type of cellular work?

Accepted Answer

Generation of light (bioluminescence/fluorescence)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions as shown in the last graph?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reactions have $$\Delta G  0$$ and are non-spontaneous.

Question 11

A cell uses ATP hydrolysis to drive the phosphorylation of glucose in glycolysis. Which statement best explains why this process is possible?

Accepted Answer

The exergonic hydrolysis of ATP is coupled to the endergonic phosphorylation of glucose, making the overall process spontaneous.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of entropy ($$\Delta S) in $$determining the spontaneity of a reaction?

Accepted Answer

An increase in entropy ($$\Delta S \u003e 0) $$favors spontaneity, especially at higher temperatures.

Question 13

If a reaction has $$\Delta H \u003e 0$$ and $$\Delta S \u003e 0$$, under what condition will it be spontaneous?

Accepted Answer

At high temperatures, where $$T\Delta S \u003e \Delta H$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of a coupled reaction in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis powering the sodium-potassium pump

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the flow of energy and matter in the biosphere as depicted in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Energy flows unidirectionally while matter cycles between phototrophs and chemotrophs.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a type of work performed by cells as described in the materials?

Accepted Answer

Thermal work

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why cells are considered open systems?

Accepted Answer

They constantly exchange energy and matter with their environment.

Question 18

Which law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed?

Accepted Answer

First law of thermodynamics

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the spontaneity of a reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction is spontaneous if $$\Delta G is $$negative.

Bioenergetics: The Flow of Energy in the Cell (Chapter 5 Study Guide)

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