Q: During oxidative phosphorylation, which equation best represents the coupling of electron transport to ATP synthesis?

$$\mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} \xrightarrow{\text{ATP synthase}} \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol increases membrane fluidity at high temperatures and decreases it at low temperatures.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that impairs the function of peroxisomes. Which cellular process is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of very long-chain fatty acids via beta-oxidation.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the net reaction of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Glucose} + 2\ \mathrm{NAD}^+ + 2\ \mathrm{ADP} + 2\ \mathrm{P_i} \rightarrow 2\ \mathrm{Pyruvate} + 2\ \mathrm{NADH} + 2\ \mathrm{ATP} + 2\ \mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It requires a specific membrane protein and moves substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 5

A mutation causes the sodium-potassium pump to lose its ability to hydrolyze ATP. What is the most likely consequence for the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will be unable to maintain its electrochemical gradients across the plasma membrane.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the 'energy currency' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis releases energy that can be used to drive endergonic cellular reactions.

Question 7

During oxidative phosphorylation, which equation best represents the coupling of electron transport to ATP synthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} \xrightarrow{	ext{ATP synthase}} \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of drugs and synthesis of lipids.

Question 9

A cell is exposed to a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the Calvin Cycle in photosynthesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It assimilates carbon dioxide into carbohydrates using ATP and NADPH.

Question 11

Which process is directly responsible for the generation of oxygen in the biosphere?

Accepted Answer

Photolysis of water in photosystem II (PSII).

Question 12

A scientist isolates a membrane protein that transports glucose into cells only when sodium ions are present. What type of transport is this?

Accepted Answer

Secondary active transport (symport).

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC)?

Accepted Answer

It transfers electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen, generating a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires a membrane protein, while simple diffusion does not.

Question 15

Which of the following is a major function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins for secretion.

Question 16

A cell is unable to produce catalase. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, leading to oxidative damage.

Question 17

Which of the following equations represents the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Pyruvate} + \mathrm{CoA} + \mathrm{NAD}^+ \rightarrow \mathrm{Acetyl{-}CoA} + \mathrm{CO_2$} + \mathrm{NADH}$$

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a absorbs light most efficiently at wavelengths around 680 nm and 700 nm.

Question 19

A cell is placed in a solution containing a high concentration of non-permeable solutes. Which term best describes the solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of enzymes in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, increasing the rate of chemical reactions.

Cell Biology Midterm 2 Study Guide: Membranes, Transport, Endomembrane System, Metabolism, and Photosynthesis

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