Question 1

Which scientist first observed living cells under a microscope, marking a significant milestone in cell biology?

Accepted Answer

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 2

According to the cell theory, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

All organisms are composed of at least one cell.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selective barrier, permitting only certain molecules to cross.

Question 4

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 6

A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Lose water and shrink

Question 7

Which equation best represents the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta \Psi = \Psi_{inside} - \Psi_{outside}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis

Question 9

Which membrane protein class is NOT embedded in the lipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral proteins

Question 10

Which of the following statements about mitochondria supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria contain their own DNA.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular digestion of macromolecules

Question 12

Which equation represents the energy required for active transport across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = RT \ln \left( \frac{[C]_{out}}{[C]_{in}} \right) + zF\Delta \Psi$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a major component of the extracellular matrix that provides structural strength?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Question 14

Which cell structure is responsible for packaging and sorting proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 15

Which of the following is true about tight junctions?

Accepted Answer

They prevent movement of substances between adjacent cells.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of carrier proteins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They bind specific molecules and transport them across the membrane.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a component of the extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

Actin

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell engulfs solid particles into a vesicle for digestion.

Cell Biology: Structure, Function, and Membrane Dynamics

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