Q: Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating Body Mass Index (BMI)?

$$\text{BMI} = \frac{\text{weight (kg)}}{\text{height (m)}^2}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of a receptor in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A receptor is a specialized cell that detects changes in the environment and converts them into electrical impulses.

Question 2

A person accidentally touches a hot stove and quickly pulls their hand away. Which sequence correctly describes the pathway of this reflex action?

Accepted Answer

Stimulus $$\rightarrow$$ Receptor $$\rightarrow$$ Sensory neurone $$\rightarrow$$ Relay neurone $$\rightarrow$$ Motor neurone $$\rightarrow$$ Effector $$\rightarrow$$ Response

Question 3

Which sense organ contains receptors that are sensitive to chemicals in the air?

Accepted Answer

Nose

Question 4

What is the main function of insulin in the human body?

Accepted Answer

To lower blood glucose levels by converting glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver.

Question 5

A patient with type 1 diabetes is unable to produce insulin. What is the most likely consequence if they do not manage their condition?

Accepted Answer

Their blood glucose levels will remain abnormally high, leading to potential long-term organ damage.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a method by which the body loses water?

Accepted Answer

Absorption through the skin

Question 7

Why is thermoregulation important for enzyme function in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes work best at an optimal temperature, and deviations can reduce their activity or denature them.

Question 8

A person is exposed to cold temperatures. Which of the following responses would you expect to occur as part of homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Blood vessels near the skin constrict, reducing heat loss.

Question 9

Which hormone is produced by the pancreas and is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 10

A person eats a meal high in carbohydrates. What is the sequence of events that occurs to regulate their blood glucose level?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose rises $$\rightarrow$$ Pancreas releases insulin $$\rightarrow$$ Glucose is converted to glycogen in the liver $$\rightarrow$$ Blood glucose returns to normal

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why people with type 2 diabetes are often advised to lose weight and exercise regularly?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss and exercise increase insulin sensitivity, helping cells respond better to insulin.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating Body Mass Index (BMI)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{BMI} = \frac{	ext{weight (kg)}}{	ext{height (m)}^2}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a conscious response rather than a reflex?

Accepted Answer

Deciding to move your hand away from a cold surface after feeling discomfort.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about homeostasis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis involves maintaining a constant internal environment using both the nervous system and hormones.

Question 15

If a person is sweating and their skin blood vessels are dilated, what is most likely happening?

Accepted Answer

Their body is trying to lose heat because they are too hot.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of relay neurones?

Accepted Answer

Relay neurones carry messages from one part of the central nervous system to another.

Question 17

A person is experiencing hypothermia. Which of the following physiological responses would you expect to observe?

Accepted Answer

Shivering and constriction of blood vessels near the skin.

Question 18

Which of the following is a waste product produced by the liver and removed by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Urea

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates negative feedback in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

When blood glucose rises, insulin is released to lower it back to normal.

Cell Biology Study Guide: Nervous System, Homeostasis, and Regulation

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