Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells have 70S ribosomes and reproduce by binary fission, while eukaryotic cells have 80S ribosomes and reproduce by mitosis and meiosis.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a large central vacuole, a cell wall made of cellulose, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins and can be found both free in the cytosol and bound to the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 4

During cell division, chromatin condenses to form chromosomes. If the DNA in a human cell is stretched out, it would be approximately 1 meter long. What is the main function of chromatin in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

To package DNA into a smaller volume to fit into the cell

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of the nuclear envelope?

Accepted Answer

It is a double membrane that encloses the nucleus and contains nuclear pores for selective transport.

Question 6

A cell is observed to have an extensive network of folded membranes forming channels, with some regions studded with ribosomes and others smooth. What is the primary function of this organelle?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular transport and synthesis of proteins and lipids

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the nucleolus is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of ribosome assembly and RNA transcription, and does not have a membrane.

Question 8

Which organelle is found only in animal cells and is responsible for the digestion of materials?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 9

A mutation disrupts the formation of nuclear pores in a eukaryotic cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Export of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between heterochromatin and euchromatin?

Accepted Answer

Euchromatin is threadlike and delicate, and is most abundant in active cells.

Question 11

Which equation correctly represents the Svedberg values for ribosomal subunits in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

$$40S + 60S = 80S$$

Question 12

A liver cell is exposed to a drug that inhibits smooth endoplasmic reticulum function. Which process would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Lipid and hormone production, and detoxification of drugs

Question 13

Which of the following organelles is responsible for microtubule assembly and is found in animal cells but not in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome

Question 14

Which organelle is continuous with the nuclear envelope and is involved in the synthesis and transport of macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

A cell stores excess glucose as starch and lacks cholesterol in its membrane. Which additional feature would you expect to find in this cell?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleoplasm?

Accepted Answer

It surrounds the chromatin and nucleolus, contains nucleotides and enzymes for nuclear functions.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Translation of proteins

Question 18

A cell is observed to have 70S ribosomes, no membrane-bound organelles, and reproduces by binary fission. Which domain does this cell most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Archaea or Bacteria

Question 19

Which of the following organelles is found in plant cells but not in animal cells, and is the site of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

4-Cell Organelles: Structure and Function

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