Q: During the oxidation of glucose, which of the following equations correctly represents the overall reaction?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They generate ATP through the oxidation of organic molecules.

Question 2

Which type of cellular work is directly involved when a muscle contracts to move a limb?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical work

Question 3

During the oxidation of glucose, which of the following equations correctly represents the overall reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the first law of thermodynamics is correct?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be converted from one form to another, but the total energy remains constant.

Question 5

A cell uses ATP hydrolysis to drive an endergonic reaction. If the $$\Delta G$$ for ATP hydrolysis is $$-7.3$$ kcal/mol and the $$\Delta G$$ for the endergonic reaction is $$+7.0$$ kcal/mol, what is the overall $$\Delta G$$ for the coupled reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$-0.3$$ kcal/mol

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of concentration work in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Transport of glucose into a cell against its concentration gradient

Question 7

Which statement best explains why living organisms can decrease their own entropy?

Accepted Answer

They do so by increasing the entropy of their environment.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction with a negative $$\Delta G$$ that releases energy

Question 9

In the context of cellular energetics, what is the main role of NADH as shown in the provided diagram?

Accepted Answer

It serves as an electron carrier, transferring electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a type of work performed by cells as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Production of sound

Question 11

A nerve cell maintains a membrane potential by pumping $$Na^+$$ ions out of the cell. What type of work does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Electrical work

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of chemotrophs obtaining energy?

Accepted Answer

They oxidize chemical bonds in organic or inorganic molecules to obtain energy.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about $$\Delta G ($$free energy change) is correct?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G$$ indicates whether a reaction is spontaneous under given conditions.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of an endergonic reaction in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of glucose from $$CO_2$$ and $$H_2O$$ during photosynthesis

Question 15

A cell is able to perform work continuously as long as:

Accepted Answer

There is a difference in free energy between two compartments.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why heat is not a useful energy source for most cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

Most biological reactions occur at a fixed temperature, so heat cannot be used to do work.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the second law of thermodynamics as it applies to living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Living organisms maintain order by increasing the entropy of their surroundings.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of the production of light (bioluminescence) in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

The emission of blue light by the jellyfish Aequorea victoria via aequorin

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between enthalpy ($$\Delta H$$), entropy ($$\Delta S$$), and free energy change ($$\Delta G$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Cellular Energetics: The Flow of Energy in the Cell

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