Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolism and anabolism in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism involves breakdown reactions that increase entropy and are exergonic, while anabolism involves synthetic reactions that decrease entropy and are endergonic.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a reason why ATP hydrolysis is highly exergonic?

Accepted Answer

Decreased entropy from one molecule to two molecules.

Question 3

What is the standard free energy change ($$\Delta G$$^{\circ'}$$) for ATP hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G$$^{\circ'}$$ = -7.3$$ kcal/mol

Question 4

Which bond in ATP is responsible for its ability to release large amounts of energy upon hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Phosphoanhydride bond

Question 5

During glycolysis, which enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, and what is the associated free energy change?

Accepted Answer

Hexokinase; $$\Delta G$$^{\circ'}$$ = -7.3$$ kcal/mol

Question 6

Which statement correctly describes the role of NAD+ in cellular redox reactions?

Accepted Answer

NAD+ is reduced to NADH by gaining two electrons and one proton.

Question 7

Which of the following organisms would be killed by exposure to oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Obligate anaerobes

Question 8

In glycolysis, what is the net ATP yield per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Question 9

Which phase of glycolysis involves substrate-level phosphorylation and the direct generation of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Phase 2: Oxidation and ATP generation

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is highly exergonic?

Accepted Answer

PEP hydrolysis results in the formation of a highly stabilized product due to resonance.

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the oxidation of glucose in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is reduced to water, and glucose is oxidized.

Question 12

What is the overall standard free energy change ($$\Delta G$$^{\circ'}$$) for glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G$$^{\circ'}$$ = -20$$ kcal/mol

Question 13

Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP to form ATP.

Question 14

Which glycolytic intermediate is the first compound to continue through the energy payoff phase after the splitting of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?

Accepted Answer

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular phosphorylation reactions?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as a substrate for kinases, donating a phosphate group to other molecules.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between phosphoanhydride and phosphoester bonds in ATP?

Accepted Answer

Phosphoanhydride bonds are found between the three phosphate groups and release more energy upon hydrolysis than phosphoester bonds.

Question 17

A patient is diagnosed with a metabolic disorder that impairs the function of dehydrogenases. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Reduction of NAD+ to NADH during glycolysis and other metabolic pathways.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol and does not require oxygen.

Question 19

Which of the following is a consequence of the resonance stabilization of ATP hydrolysis products?

Accepted Answer

The products are lower in energy, making the reaction highly exergonic.

Question 20

In a cell, which process links catabolic and anabolic pathways by providing energy for biosynthetic reactions?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis

Cellular Metabolism, ATP, and Glycolysis: Study Notes

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