Question 1

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells have organelles?

Accepted Answer

To allow for compartmentalization, which increases efficiency and specialization of cellular processes

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a lysosomal storage disease. Which cellular process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules and recycling of cellular components

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of membrane and secretory proteins?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

Which of the following cell types would you expect to have the highest number of mitochondria, and why?

Accepted Answer

Muscle cells, because they require large amounts of ATP for contraction

Question 5

Which sequence correctly describes the pathway of a secreted protein in a pancreatic cell?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus → Rough ER → Golgi → Vesicle → Plasma membrane

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Cell motility, cell division, and intracellular transport

Question 7

A mutation in mitochondrial DNA is most likely to affect which type of cell the most?

Accepted Answer

Neurons and muscle cells

Question 8

Which of the following organelles is NOT surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 9

Which process is most directly associated with peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

Metabolism of hydrogen peroxide

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides pressure to keep cells swollen and plant tissue turgid

Question 11

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus

Question 12

A scientist isolates a cell structure that is responsible for glycosylation of proteins and synthesis of complex carbohydrates. Which organelle has she most likely isolated?

Accepted Answer

Golgi complex

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of chromatin in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

It packages DNA with histone proteins, condensing into chromosomes during mitosis

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of a defect in the delivery of lysosomal enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of polysaccharides or lipids in cells

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase in peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

$$2\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}_2 \xrightarrow{	ext{catalase}} 2\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It separates cellular processes into distinct organelles, increasing efficiency

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct match between a cell type and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages – cell defense

Question 18

Which of the following organelles is most directly involved in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 19

Which of the following is true about mitochondrial inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are inherited maternally, from the egg

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of an organelle formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS)?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Cellular Organelles: Structure, Function, and Disease

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