Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size by the surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

As cells get larger, their volume increases faster than their surface area, reducing the efficiency of nutrient and waste exchange.

Question 2

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional nuclear pores. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of membrane proteins and secreted proteins?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of harmful compounds via oxidation reactions

Question 5

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which organelle is primarily responsible for maintaining turgor pressure?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, sterols, glycolipids, and glycoproteins.

Question 7

Which structure is found in plant cells but not in animal cells and is responsible for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi complex?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 9

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for the movement of organelles within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses?

Accepted Answer

They are capable of independent metabolism.

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with a neurological disease caused by a prion. Which of the following best describes a prion?

Accepted Answer

A proteinaceous infectious particle

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the surface area-to-volume ratio for a cube-shaped cell with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{6l^2$}{l^3$}$$

Question 13

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes and is involved in autophagy?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids and steroids

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of nuclear localization signals?

Accepted Answer

They direct proteins to the nucleus through nuclear pores.

Question 16

Which of the following is a unique feature of plant cells compared to animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a cell wall composed of cellulose

Question 17

A scientist observes a cell with numerous ribosomes attached to a membrane network. Which process is most likely occurring in abundance?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of secreted proteins

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding viroids?

Accepted Answer

They are small, circular RNA molecules that infect plants.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and mediates cell signaling.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a cytoskeletal element and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments: cell movement and muscle contraction

Chapter 4: Cells and Organelles – Structure and Function

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