Question 1

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered semiautonomous organelles?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own circular DNA and ribosomes, similar to bacteria.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a cell with the following features: a plasma membrane, ribosomes, circular DNA, and no membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic bacterial cell

Question 3

Which process in the endomembrane system is responsible for the export of proteins from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 4

A mutation prevents the formation of glycosylated proteins in a cell. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the photosynthetic reaction occurring in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{6CO_2 + 6H_2O + light \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2}$$

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with a disease caused by the accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the liver. Which organelle is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 7

Which structural feature is shared by both mitochondria and chloroplasts, supporting the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Double membrane and circular DNA

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and initial glycosylation

Question 9

A plant cell loses turgor pressure and wilts. Which organelle is most directly responsible for maintaining turgor pressure?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 10

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts resemble those in bacteria.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell recognition and adhesion

Question 12

A cell is observed to have a large number of cristae in its mitochondria. What does this suggest about the cell's function?

Accepted Answer

It has high energy requirements, such as muscle or sperm cells.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They have two hydrophobic tails and a hydrophilic head.

Question 14

Which organelle is responsible for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide ($$\mathrm{H_2O_2}) $$into water and oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 16

A researcher is studying a virus that infects bacteria. What is the correct term for this type of virus?

Accepted Answer

Bacteriophage

Question 17

Which of the following statements about prions is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Prions are abnormally folded proteins that cause neurological diseases.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage of hydrolases for digestion of biological molecules

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the nuclear envelope?

Accepted Answer

It contains pores lined with nuclear pore complexes for transport.

Question 20

Which of the following is a plausible explanation for the presence of circular DNA in both mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They evolved from ancient bacteria through endosymbiosis.

Chapter 4: Cells and Organelles – Structure and Function in Eukaryotic Cells

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