Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anabolic and catabolic pathways in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic pathways build cellular components and require energy, while catabolic pathways break down molecules and release energy.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP contains two phosphoanhydride bonds and one phosphoester bond.

Question 3

Why is the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and $$P_i$$ highly exergonic?

Accepted Answer

Because of charge repulsion, resonance stabilization of products, and increased entropy.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP under standard biological conditions?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + P_i + H^+ $$

Question 5

Why is the hydrolysis of AMP less energetically favorable than the hydrolysis of ATP or ADP?

Accepted Answer

AMP lacks the charge repulsion present in ATP and ADP.

Question 6

In the glycolytic pathway, which phase(s) produce ATP?

Accepted Answer

Phase 3 only

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells often use aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect)?

Accepted Answer

To generate carbon skeletons for biosynthesis needed for rapid cell division.

Question 8

Which of the following is true about fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation regenerates NAD$$^+ so $$glycolysis can continue.

Question 9

What is the main role of NAD$$^+ in $$glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

It serves as an electron acceptor during oxidation reactions.

Question 10

Which of the following equations describes the overall reaction for glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{glucose} + 2\mathrm{NAD}^+ + 2\mathrm{ADP} + 2P_i \rightarrow 2\mathrm{pyruvate} + 2\mathrm{NADH} + 2H^+ + 2\mathrm{ATP} $$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the actual free energy change ($$\Delta G') $$for ATP hydrolysis in cells is more negative than the standard free energy change ($$\Delta G^\circ'$$)?

Accepted Answer

Because the ATP/ADP ratio in cells is much higher than 1.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the fate of NAD$$^+$$, NADH, and H$$^+ in $$glycolysis coupled to lactate fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

There is no net change in the relative amounts of these molecules in the overall reaction.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of radiotracers such as fluorodeoxyglucose in medical imaging?

Accepted Answer

They allow visualization of metabolic activity by tracking labeled molecules.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the energy yield of fermentation compared to aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation yields only 2 ATP per glucose, while aerobic respiration yields much more.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why glycolysis is considered a highly conserved metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Virtually all cells can convert glucose to pyruvate via glycolysis.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of coenzymes such as NAD$$^+ in $$biological oxidation reactions?

Accepted Answer

They serve as carriers of electrons and are recycled in the cell.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a reason why ATP hydrolysis is highly exergonic?

Accepted Answer

ATP is more stable than its hydrolysis products.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the fate of most of the free energy from glucose after fermentation to lactate or ethanol?

Accepted Answer

It remains in the lactate or ethanol molecules.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the catabolism of other sugars and glycerol is correct?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides are converted into glycolytic intermediates before entering the pathway.

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

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