Question 1

Which scientist was the first to observe and name 'cells' after viewing cork under a microscope in 1665?

Accepted Answer

Robert Hooke

Question 2

Which of the following statements is NOT part of the modern cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All cells contain a nucleus.

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with no nucleus, circular DNA, and ribosomes. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and exporting proteins, often referred to as the 'post office' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 5

A patient with Tay-Sachs disease cannot break down certain waste substances in their cells. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Producing energy by converting food into ATP

Question 7

Which structure is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 8

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. What type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 9

Which of the following best supports the endosymbiosis theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and double membranes.

Question 10

If a eukaryotic cell is unable to produce ribosomes, which structure is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating movement

Question 12

A cell is observed under a microscope and is found to have a nucleoid region, a cell wall, and no membrane-bound organelles. Which of the following best describes this cell?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 13

Which of the following equations best represents the process occurring in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics like penicillin are effective against bacteria but not human cells?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria have cell walls made of peptidoglycan, which human cells lack.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the path of a protein from synthesis to export out of a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome → Endoplasmic reticulum → Golgi apparatus → Plasma membrane

Question 16

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional centrioles. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell division

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the main difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER has ribosomes attached and synthesizes proteins; smooth ER lacks ribosomes and synthesizes lipids.

Question 18

Which of the following structures is directly involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death)?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 19

A scientist is studying a cell that moves using long, tail-like structures. Which structure is most likely responsible for this movement?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why plant cells can maintain turgor pressure while animal cells cannot?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a rigid cell wall and a large central vacuole.

Fundamentals of Cell Biology: Cell Theory, Cell Types, and Organelles

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