Question 1

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template during transcription in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase II

Question 2

During the process of transcription, which of the following best describes the role of the promoter region?

Accepted Answer

It serves as the binding site for RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about RNA splicing is correct?

Accepted Answer

Introns are removed and exons are joined together to form mature mRNA.

Question 4

A mutation occurs in the TATA box of a gene's promoter. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Transcription will be impaired due to reduced RNA polymerase binding.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of general transcription factors in eukaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

They help RNA polymerase bind to the promoter and initiate transcription.

Question 6

In eukaryotic cells, which RNA polymerase is primarily responsible for transcribing rRNA genes (excluding 5S rRNA)?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase I

Question 7

Which of the following modifications occurs to eukaryotic pre-mRNA before it exits the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 5' cap and a poly-A tail

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the function of snRNPs. Which cellular process is most likely to be disrupted?

Accepted Answer

RNA splicing

Question 9

During translation, which molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome according to the codon sequence of mRNA?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the ribosome during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.

Question 11

A researcher adds a chemical that inhibits peptidyl transferase activity in ribosomes. What is the most immediate effect on protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond formation will be blocked.

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow Protein$$

Question 13

A mutation changes the sequence of a gene such that a stop codon is introduced prematurely. What is the likely result?

Accepted Answer

A truncated, likely nonfunctional protein will be produced.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the 5' cap added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It protects mRNA from degradation and assists in ribosome binding.

Question 15

Which process is directly affected by the presence of antibiotics that target the bacterial ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 16

A scientist discovers a new molecule that binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotic mRNA. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Translation initiation will be inhibited.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic mRNA must be processed before translation?

Accepted Answer

To protect the mRNA and ensure proper translation

Question 18

During translation, what is the function of the A site of the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where incoming aminoacyl-tRNA binds.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression?

Accepted Answer

In eukaryotes, mRNA is processed before translation, while in prokaryotes, mRNA is translated directly.

Question 20

A patient is found to have a defect in the polyadenylation signal of a gene. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA will be unstable and degraded rapidly.

Gene Expression: Transcription and Protein Synthesis Study Notes

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