Question 1

Which of the following best describes the reaction responsible for the synthesis of biological polymers such as proteins and polysaccharides in cells?

Accepted Answer

Condensation (dehydration) reaction, which removes water to form bonds between monomers

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in cells?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 3

A peptide bond forms between which two functional groups of adjacent amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Amino group and carboxyl group

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the primary structure of a protein is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is determined by the sequence of amino acids from the N-terminus to the C-terminus

Question 5

Which type of bond is primarily responsible for stabilizing the secondary structure (α helix and β sheet) of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 6

A mutation causes a proline residue to be inserted into the middle of an α helix. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

The α helix will be disrupted due to proline's inability to form hydrogen bonds

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The arrangement and interaction of multiple polypeptide subunits

Question 8

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose

Question 9

Which of the following statements about polysaccharides is correct?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is a highly branched storage polysaccharide found in animals

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why mammals cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is composed of β(1→4) glycosidic bonds, and mammals lack the enzyme to hydrolyze them

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It is a component of plasma membranes and a precursor for steroid hormones

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have both a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the formation of disulfide bonds in proteins. Which level of protein structure is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the directionality of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide sequences are conventionally written from the 5' to 3' direction

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why trans fats are considered unhealthy?

Accepted Answer

They are unsaturated fats with trans double bonds, linked to increased risk of heart disease

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a protein class and its function?

Accepted Answer

Motility proteins – cell contraction and movement

Question 17

Which of the following statements about motifs and domains in proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Domains are tertiary structures that can have independent functions from the rest of the protein

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between fibrous and globular proteins?

Accepted Answer

Fibrous proteins provide mechanical support, while globular proteins are involved in dynamic cellular functions

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Guanine pairs with cytosine via three hydrogen bonds

Question 20

A scientist is studying a protein that consists of two identical polypeptide subunits. What is the best term to describe this protein?

Accepted Answer

Dimeric protein

CH 3 - Study Guide: The Macromolecules of the Cell (Cell Biology)

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