$$\mathrm{DNA} \xrightarrow{\text{RNA\,polymerase}} \mathrm{RNA}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA via transcription, and from RNA to protein via translation.

Question 2

During transcription in eukaryotes, which enzyme is primarily responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase II

Question 3

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus and involves extensive RNA processing.

Question 4

Which of the following correctly matches the type of RNA with its function?

Accepted Answer

mRNA: serves as the template for protein synthesis

Question 5

What is the role of the promoter region in transcription?

Accepted Answer

It is the DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about RNA and DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

RNA contains ribose and uracil, and is usually single-stranded.

Question 7

A mutation in the -10 region of a bacterial promoter would most likely affect which step of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Binding of RNA polymerase and initiation of transcription

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic mRNA must be processed before translation?

Accepted Answer

To add a 5' cap and poly(A) tail, and remove introns for stability and proper translation

Question 9

Which equation best represents the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{DNA} \xrightarrow{	ext{RNA\,polymerase}} \mathrm{RNA}$$

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the spliceosome. Which process is most likely disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Removal of introns from pre-mRNA

Question 11

Which of the following is a consequence of alternative splicing in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

It allows a single gene to encode multiple protein variants.

Question 12

In prokaryotic transcription, what is the function of the rho factor?

Accepted Answer

It facilitates termination of transcription at specific sites.

Question 13

Which of the following steps occurs LAST during the transcription of a gene in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Addition of the poly(A) tail to the pre-mRNA

Question 14

A scientist isolates a nucleic acid that contains ribose, uracil, and is single-stranded. Which type of molecule is this?

Accepted Answer

RNA

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the location of transcription and translation in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Both transcription and translation occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of tRNA

Question 17

Which sequence signals the addition of the poly(A) tail during eukaryotic mRNA processing?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{AAUAAA}$$

Question 18

A mutation prevents the formation of the preinitiation complex in eukaryotic cells. Which process will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of transcription

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It brings amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA codon sequence.

Question 20

Which process is illustrated by the following equation?

$$\mathrm{RNA} \xrightarrow{	ext{reverse\,transcription}} \mathrm{DNA}$$

Accepted Answer

Reverse transcription

Transcription: Mechanisms and Regulation in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

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