Use properties of logarithms to rewrite each function, then graph. ƒ(x) = log₂ [4 (x-3) ]

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Identify the logarithmic function given: \(f(x) = \log_{2} \left[ 4 (x-3) \right]\).

Use the product property of logarithms, which states \(\log_{a}(MN) = \log_{a} M + \log_{a} N\), to rewrite the function as \(f(x) = \log_{2} 4 + \log_{2} (x-3)\).

Recognize that \(\log_{2} 4\) is a constant since 4 is a power of 2. You can express it as \(\log_{2} 2^{2}\), which simplifies to \(2\) using the power property of logarithms: \(\log_{a} a^{k} = k\).

Rewrite the function as \(f(x) = 2 + \log_{2} (x-3)\), which is a vertical shift of the basic logarithmic function \(\log_{2} (x)\) by 3 units to the right and 2 units up.

To graph, start with the parent function \(y = \log_{2} x\), shift it right by 3 units to account for \((x-3)\), then shift the entire graph up by 2 units. Also, note the domain restriction \(x > 3\) because the argument of the logarithm must be positive.

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Properties of Logarithms

Properties of logarithms include rules such as the product, quotient, and power rules, which allow the simplification and rewriting of logarithmic expressions. For example, the product rule states that log_b(MN) = log_b(M) + log_b(N), which helps break down complex arguments into simpler parts for easier manipulation and graphing.

Logarithmic Function Transformation

Understanding how changes inside the logarithm's argument affect the graph is crucial. Horizontal shifts occur when the input variable is adjusted (e.g., x - 3 shifts the graph right by 3 units), and vertical shifts or stretches happen when the logarithm is multiplied or added to constants. Recognizing these transformations helps in sketching the graph accurately.

Graphing Logarithmic Functions

Graphing logarithmic functions involves identifying key features such as the domain, vertical asymptote, intercepts, and general shape. The domain is restricted to values making the argument positive, and the vertical asymptote occurs where the argument equals zero. Plotting points after rewriting the function using logarithm properties aids in creating an accurate graph.

Use properties of logarithms to rewrite each function, then graph. ƒ(x) = log2 [4 (x-3) ]