Question 1

Which functional group is responsible for the characteristic aroma of saffron and is commonly found in many spices such as vanilla and cinnamon?

Accepted Answer

Carbonyl group

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the structural difference between an aldehyde and a ketone?

Accepted Answer

Aldehydes have a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain; ketones have it within the chain bonded to two carbons.

Question 3

What is the IUPAC name for the compound with the following condensed structural formula: $$\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2CHO}$$?

Accepted Answer

Butanal

Question 4

Which of the following compounds is a ketone?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CH_3CH_2COCH_3}$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the physical properties of aldehydes and ketones is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have higher boiling points than alkanes but lower than alcohols of similar size.

Question 6

What is the product of the controlled oxidation of 2-propanol ($$\mathrm{CH_3CHOHCH_3}$$)?

Accepted Answer

Propanone

Question 7

Which reagent is commonly used as an oxidizing agent in the controlled oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones?

Accepted Answer

Potassium dichromate ($$\mathrm{K_2Cr_2O_7})$$

Question 8

Which alcohol would you oxidize to prepare butanal?

Accepted Answer

Butan-1-ol

Question 9

What is the product of the hydrogenation of propanone ($$\mathrm{CH_3COCH_3}) $$under high temperature, pressure, and a catalyst?

Accepted Answer

Propan-2-ol

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why tertiary alcohols do not readily undergo controlled oxidation to form aldehydes or ketones?

Accepted Answer

They lack a hydrogen atom on the carbon bonded to the hydroxyl group.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for the compound with the structure: $$\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2COCH_3}$$?

Accepted Answer

2-Pentanone

Question 12

A student wants to synthesize pentanone. Which starting material and reaction conditions should they use?

Accepted Answer

Oxidize pentan-2-ol with potassium dichromate

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the solubility of small aldehydes and ketones in water?

Accepted Answer

They are completely soluble in water.

Question 14

Which of the following reactions is the reverse of the controlled oxidation of a primary alcohol?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogenation of an aldehyde

Question 15

Which of the following compounds is an example of an aldehyde?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2CHO}$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the effect of the carbonyl group on the boiling points of aldehydes and ketones?

Accepted Answer

It makes the molecules polar, raising their boiling points above alkanes but below alcohols.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct structural formula for 4,4-dimethylheptan-2-one?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CH_3C(CH_3$)_2CH_2COCH_2CH_3}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the outcome when hexan-2-ol is subjected to controlled oxidation?

Accepted Answer

Hexan-2-one is formed.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world application of ketones?

Accepted Answer

Used as solvents in paint and nail polish removers

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the boiling point of propanone is lower than that of propan-2-ol?

Accepted Answer

Propan-2-ol can form hydrogen bonds between molecules, while propanone cannot.

Lesson 1.5: Aldehydes and Ketones: Structure, Nomenclature, Properties, and Reactions

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