Question 1

Which of the following best describes the functional groups present in all standard amino acids?

Accepted Answer

An amine group ($$-\mathrm{NH}_2) $$and a carboxylic acid group ($$-\mathrm{COOH})$$

Question 2

In the Fischer projection of an amino acid, which carbon is designated as the alpha ($$\alpha) $$carbon?

Accepted Answer

The central carbon bonded to the amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen, and R group

Question 3

Which of the following manipulations of a Fischer projection will retain the stereochemistry of an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Rotating the projection by $$180^\circ in $$the plane of the paper

Question 4

Which of the following statements about D and L amino acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

L amino acids have the amino group on the left in the Fischer projection

Question 5

Which of the following is true regarding the formation of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

It is a condensation reaction between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another, releasing water

Question 6

Which functional groups are present in all carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A carbonyl group ($$\u003e\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{O}) $$and multiple hydroxyl groups ($$-\mathrm{OH})$$

Question 7

How can you distinguish between D and L non-cyclic sugars in a Fischer projection?

Accepted Answer

By the position of the hydroxyl group on the highest-numbered chiral carbon: right for D, left for L

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a stereocenter (chiral center) in a carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

A carbon atom bonded to four different groups

Question 9

Which of the following statements about anomers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Anomers are cyclic monosaccharides that differ in configuration at the anomeric carbon

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct acetal/glycosidic linkage in maltose?

Accepted Answer

$$\alpha-1$$,4-glycosidic bond

Question 11

Which of the following compounds will form an electrolyte in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride ($$\mathrm{NaCl})$$

Question 12

What is the dissociation equation for potassium sulfate ($$\mathrm{K}_2\mathrm{SO}_4) in $$water?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{K}_2\mathrm{SO}_4 (aq) \rightarrow 2\ \mathrm{K}^+ (aq) + \mathrm{SO}_4$$^{2-}$$ (aq)$$

Question 13

A solution is prepared by dissolving $$0.5$$ moles of glucose in enough water to make $$2.0$$ liters of solution. What is the molarity ($$M) of $$the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25\ M$$

Question 14

How many milliliters of a $$6.0\ M$$ hydrochloric acid solution are needed to prepare $$500\ \mathrm{mL} of a$$ $$1.0\ M$$ solution?

Accepted Answer

$$83\ \mathrm{mL}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct ionization equation for acetic acid ($$\mathrm{CH}_3\mathrm{COOH}) in $$water?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CH}_3\mathrm{COOH} (aq) + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} (l) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{CH}_3\mathrm{COO}^- (aq) + \mathrm{H}_3\mathrm{O}^+ (aq)$$

Question 16

Which of the following statements about acid and base strength is correct?

Accepted Answer

A strong acid produces a higher $$[\mathrm{H}_3\mathrm{O}^+] in $$solution than a weak acid at the same concentration

Question 17

In the following reaction, which species is the conjugate base?

$$\mathrm{NH}_4^+ (aq) + \mathrm{OH}^- (aq) \rightarrow \mathrm{NH}_3 (aq) + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} (l)$$

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NH}_3$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between two Fischer projections of glucose that differ only at the configuration of the anomeric carbon?

Accepted Answer

They are anomers

Question 19

A patient is given an intravenous solution of $$0.9\%$$ sodium chloride ($$\mathrm{NaCl}) in $$water. Which property makes this solution suitable for medical use?

Accepted Answer

It is an electrolyte and isotonic with body fluids

Amino Acids, Carbohydrates, and Solution Chemistry: Study Guide

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