Question 1

Which of the following is a major limitation of using Body Mass Index (BMI) as a tool for assessing health risk?

Accepted Answer

BMI does not account for muscle mass, potentially misclassifying muscular individuals as overweight or obese.

Question 2

According to the law of thermodynamics, what happens to excess energy consumed in the diet that is not immediately needed for cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It is primarily converted to fat and stored in adipose tissue.

Question 3

Which hormone is produced by adipose tissue and acts as a long-term regulator of energy balance by inhibiting food intake and increasing energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 4

A patient with obesity is found to have high circulating leptin levels but continues to experience increased appetite and weight gain. What is the most likely explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

The patient has developed leptin resistance, reducing the effectiveness of leptin signaling.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamus in body weight regulation?

Accepted Answer

It integrates peripheral signals related to hunger and satiety to regulate energy intake and expenditure.

Question 6

Which of the following is the most modifiable component of total daily energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

Physical activity

Question 7

Ghrelin is a hormone that primarily:

Accepted Answer

Stimulates appetite and food intake, especially in the fasted state.

Question 8

Which of the following factors does NOT directly contribute to the calculation of Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

Daily physical activity level

Question 9

A person consumes 500 kcal more per day than they expend. According to the law of thermodynamics, what is the most likely outcome over time?

Accepted Answer

The person will gain weight as excess energy is stored as fat.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the thermic effect of food (TEF) is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

High-protein meals have a higher thermic effect than high-fat meals.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why BMI may not accurately reflect health risk in all individuals?

Accepted Answer

BMI does not account for differences in fat distribution, muscle mass, age, sex, or ethnicity.

Question 12

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a negative energy balance?

Accepted Answer

A person expends more energy than they consume, leading to weight loss.

Question 13

Which of the following is a short-term regulator of food intake that is secreted by the pancreas in response to nutrient ingestion?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about leptin resistance in obesity?

Accepted Answer

Leptin resistance means that high levels of leptin fail to suppress appetite and reduce food intake.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus in energy balance?

Accepted Answer

It contains neurons that either stimulate or inhibit appetite, integrating hormonal and nutrient signals.

Question 16

A person with a sedentary lifestyle and high caloric intake is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Positive energy balance and weight gain

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a factor that directly influences energy intake?

Accepted Answer

Thermic effect of food

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why public policies are included in the regulation of body weight?

Accepted Answer

They can shape food environments and physical activity opportunities at the population level.

Question 19

Which of the following hormones is most likely to be elevated in the fasted state and stimulates appetite?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin

Question 20

A 30-year-old male and a 30-year-old female have the same BMI, but the male has a higher percentage of lean muscle mass. Which of the following is most likely TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The male may have a lower body fat percentage than the female, despite having the same BMI.

Biological Aspects of Obesity: Energy Balance, Regulation, and Hormonal Control

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