$$\text{Atomic mass} = \text{protons} + \text{neutrons}$$

$$[\text{H}^+]$$ decreases by 100 times

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a negative feedback loop in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

A process that opposes the initial change, such as body temperature regulation.

Question 2

A patient’s body temperature rises above 37°C. Which component of the homeostatic control system detects this change?

Accepted Answer

Sensor (thermoreceptor)

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Childbirth contractions

Question 4

Which formula correctly calculates the atomic mass of an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Atomic mass} = 	ext{protons} + 	ext{neutrons}$$

Question 5

Which of the following ions is a polyatomic anion?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{SO}_4$$^{2-}$$

Question 6

A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 10 days. If you start with 80 grams, how much remains after 30 days?

Accepted Answer

20 grams

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a cation?

Accepted Answer

An atom that has lost electrons and has a positive charge.

Question 8

Which of the following molecules is a compound?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{CO}_2$$

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP, the cell’s main energy currency?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 10

What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic heads face outward, hydrophobic tails face inward.

Question 12

Which process describes the conversion of DNA to mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 13

If the pH of a solution changes from 4 to 6, what happens to the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[	ext{H}^+]$$?

Accepted Answer

$$[	ext{H}^+]$$ decreases by 100 times

Question 14

Which organelle is responsible for destroying bacteria and cellular waste?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification and shipping of proteins and lipids

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why weak acids do not fully dissociate in water?

Accepted Answer

They establish an equilibrium between dissociated and undissociated forms.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of centrioles in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell division

Question 18

A solution has a pH of 8. Which of the following best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

Weak base

Question 19

Which of the following is true about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

They have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 20

If lysosomes fail to function properly in a cell, what is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Waste will accumulate, potentially leading to disease.

General Chemistry and Cell Biology: Key Concepts and Structures

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