Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the law of multiple proportions?

Accepted Answer

When two elements form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other are in ratios of small whole numbers.

Question 2

A neutral atom of chlorine has 17 protons and 18 neutrons. What is its mass number?

Accepted Answer

$$35$$

Question 3

Which of the following pairs of compounds can be used to illustrate the law of multiple proportions?

Accepted Answer

CO and CO$$_2$$

Question 4

Which of the following ions has 15 protons, 18 electrons, and 17 neutrons?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{P}^{3-}$$

Question 5

Which scientist is credited with discovering the law of conservation of mass?

Accepted Answer

Lavoisier

Question 6

A sample of chemical X is found to contain 5.0 grams of oxygen, 10 grams of carbon, and 20 grams of nitrogen. If the law of definite proportions holds, how many grams of carbon would be present in a 70 gram sample of chemical X?

Accepted Answer

$$14$$ grams

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an acid?

Accepted Answer

NaOH

Question 8

An isotope X has an atomic number of 15 and a mass number of 31. How many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$16$$

Question 9

Which of the following pairs is INCORRECTLY matched?

Accepted Answer

HNO$$_3$$, nitrous acid

Question 10

Which of the following atomic nuclei represent a set of isotopes?

Accepted Answer

I, III, and V

Question 11

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are present in the anion formed by one atom of $$^{35}Cl$$?

Accepted Answer

$$17$$ protons, $$18$$ neutrons, $$18$$ electrons

Question 12

Which of the following ions is most stable for nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{N}^{3-}$$

Question 13

By knowing the number of protons a neutral atom has, what else can you determine?

Accepted Answer

The number of electrons in the neutral atom

Question 14

Which of the following ions has 6 neutrons, 47 protons, and 46 electrons?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Ag}^{+}$$

Question 15

You are given a compound with the formula MCl$$_2$$, where M is a metal. You are told that the metal ion has 26 electrons. What is the identity of the metal?

Accepted Answer

Fe

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 17

Which of the following compounds is an example of a binary acid?

Accepted Answer

HCl

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for barium phosphate?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Ba}_3(\mathrm{PO}_4)_2$$

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for ammonium bromide?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NH}_4\mathrm{Br}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct formula for copper(I) chloride?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CuCl}$$

General Chemistry: Atomic Structure, Isotopes, and Laws of Chemical Combination – Study Notes

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