Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the molarity ($$M) of a $$solution?

$$M = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{liters of solution}}$$

Question 1

A hospital pharmacist needs to prepare 250 mL of a 0.9% (w/v) saline solution. How many grams of NaCl are required? (Hint: % (w/v) means grams per 100 mL.)

Accepted Answer

$$2.25\ 	ext{g}$$

Question 2

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between a physical and a chemical property?

Accepted Answer

A physical property can be observed without changing the substance's identity, while a chemical property describes the substance's ability to undergo a specific chemical change.

Question 3

A sample contains 3.01 × $$10^{23}$$ molecules of water. What is the mass of this sample? ($$M_{	ext{H}_2$$	ext{O}} = 18.0\ 	ext{g/mol}$$)

Accepted Answer

$$9.0\ 	ext{g}$$

Question 4

Which of the following elements has the highest first ionization energy?

Accepted Answer

Fluorine ($$F)$$

Question 5

A solution is prepared by dissolving 5.00 g of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) in enough water to make 100.0 mL of solution. What is the molarity of the solution? (M$$_{	ext{C}$$_6H_{12}O_6$} = 180.0\ 	ext{g/mol})$$

Accepted Answer

$$0.278\ 	ext{M}$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of a limiting reactant in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

It determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed.

Question 7

A gas occupies 2.50 L at 1.00 atm and 300 K. What volume will it occupy at 2.00 atm and 300 K? (Assume ideal gas behavior.)

Accepted Answer

$$1.25\ 	ext{L}$$

Question 8

Which of the following compounds is ionic?

Accepted Answer

NaCl

Question 9

Which statement about the electromagnetic spectrum is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ultraviolet light has a shorter wavelength than visible light.

Question 10

A student balances the following redox reaction: $$	ext{Zn} + 	ext{Cu}^{2+} ightarrow 	ext{Zn}^{2+} + 	ext{Cu}. $$Which species is oxidized?

Accepted Answer

Zn

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for a neutral atom of sulfur ($$S$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$1s^2$$\ $$2s^2$$\ $$2p^6$$\ $$3s^2$$\ $$3p^4$$

Question 12

A 50.0 g sample of water absorbs 418 J of heat. What is the temperature change? ($$c_{	ext{water}} = 4.18\ 	ext{J/g} \cdot 	ext{K})$$

Accepted Answer

$$0.200\ 	ext{K}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the rate of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Color of reactants

Question 14

Which of the following best describes Le Châtelier's Principle?

Accepted Answer

If a system at equilibrium is disturbed, the system will shift to counteract the disturbance and restore equilibrium.

Question 15

What is the percent yield if 10.0 g of product is obtained from a reaction with a theoretical yield of 12.0 g?

Accepted Answer

$$83.3\%$$

Question 16

Which of the following molecules has a bent molecular shape?

Accepted Answer

H$$_2O$$

Question 17

A buffer solution is made by mixing acetic acid and sodium acetate. Which statement is true about this buffer?

Accepted Answer

It resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.

Question 18

Which of the following ions has the largest ionic radius?

Accepted Answer

Cl$$^-$$

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the molarity ($$M) of a $$solution?

Accepted Answer

$$M = \frac{	ext{moles of solute}}{	ext{liters of solution}}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

General Chemistry Final Exam Review: Key Concepts and Calculations

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