Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a hypothesis and a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation based on observations, while a theory is a well-substantiated, comprehensive, and testable explanation of nature.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a chemical property?

Accepted Answer

Flammability

Question 3

A sample of matter is found to be shiny, malleable, and a good conductor of electricity. Based on these properties, how should this substance be classified?

Accepted Answer

Metal

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the law of conservation of matter is correct?

Accepted Answer

The total quantity of matter remains unchanged during both physical and chemical changes.

Question 5

A neutral atom of sodium ($$Z = 11) $$loses one electron. What is the resulting charge and classification of the ion?

Accepted Answer

1+ charge, cation

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?

Accepted Answer

Oil and vinegar salad dressing

Question 7

Which property is classified as intensive?

Accepted Answer

Density

Question 8

A sample contains only one type of atom and cannot be broken down by chemical means. What is this sample?

Accepted Answer

Element

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the organization of the modern periodic table?

Accepted Answer

Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number and grouped by similar properties.

Question 10

A sample of boron contains 19.9% $$^{10}B (10.0129 $$amu) and 80.1% $$^{11}B (11.0093 $$amu). What is the average atomic mass of boron?

Accepted Answer

$$10.81$$ amu

Question 11

Which of the following is true about the atomic structure of an atom?

Accepted Answer

The nucleus contains most of the atom's mass.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct chemical symbol for an atom with 12 protons, 13 neutrons, and a 2+ charge?

Accepted Answer

$$^{25}Mg$$^{2+}$$

Question 13

Which statement correctly distinguishes between mass and weight?

Accepted Answer

Mass is constant regardless of location, while weight depends on gravity.

Question 14

Which of the following is a physical change?

Accepted Answer

Melting of ice

Question 15

Which of the following elements is a halogen?

Accepted Answer

Chlorine

Question 16

A neutral atom of oxygen ($$Z = 8) $$gains two electrons. What is the resulting ion and its charge?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen anion, 2- charge

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a plasma?

Accepted Answer

A gaseous state containing a significant amount of electrically charged particles

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a representative (main group) element?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 19

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of the symbolic domain in chemistry?

Accepted Answer

Using the chemical symbol $$\mathrm{Hg} to $$represent mercury

General Chemistry: Foundations and Core Concepts

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