Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

An ionic bond involves the transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal, while a covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between two nonmetals.

Question 2

A nurse is preparing a saline solution for intravenous use. If she dissolves 9.0 g of NaCl in enough water to make 1.0 L of solution, what is the molarity of the solution? (Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol)

Accepted Answer

$$0.15\ 	ext{M}$$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is correct according to the Brønsted-Lowry definition?

Accepted Answer

An acid is a substance that donates a proton ($$H^+$$), and a base is a substance that accepts a proton.

Question 4

A patient’s blood pH is measured at 7.25. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The patient is experiencing acidosis, as the blood is more acidic than normal.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules are polar and can surround and stabilize ions through ion-dipole interactions.

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct balanced chemical equation for the combustion of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) in oxygen?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O$$

Question 7

A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 4 days. If a hospital receives a sample containing 80 mg of this isotope, how much will remain after 12 days?

Accepted Answer

$$10\ 	ext{mg}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes act as biological catalysts, lowering the activation energy and increasing the rate of metabolic reactions.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is correct?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for the human body.

Question 10

A solution is prepared by dissolving 5.0 g of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) in enough water to make 100 mL of solution. What is the molarity of the solution? (Molar mass of glucose = 180 g/mol)

Accepted Answer

$$0.28\ 	ext{M}$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why cell membranes are selectively permeable?

Accepted Answer

Cell membranes are composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that regulate the passage of certain molecules.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 13

A buffer solution is important in the human body because:

Accepted Answer

It keeps the pH of body fluids constant by neutralizing small amounts of added acid or base.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for a neutral atom of sodium ($$Na$$, atomic number 11)?

Accepted Answer

$$1s^2$$\ $$2s^2$$\ $$2p^6$$\ $$3s^1$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of proteins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Proteins act as enzymes, structural components, and transport molecules within the cell.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the law of conservation of mass?

Accepted Answer

The total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products in a chemical reaction.

Question 17

A sample of gas occupies 2.0 L at a pressure of 1.0 atm. If the pressure is increased to 2.0 atm at constant temperature, what will be the new volume of the gas? (Assume ideal gas behavior.)

Accepted Answer

$$1.0\ 	ext{L}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Ice is less dense than liquid water due to the open hexagonal structure formed by hydrogen bonding.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the pH of a solution given the hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+]$$?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{pH} = -\log_{10}[H^+]$$

Question 20

A patient receives a medication that is a weak base. If the medication is dissolved in water, what will happen to the pH of the solution?

Accepted Answer

The pH will increase, making the solution more basic.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry for Nursing (CHE1210) – Syllabus and Study Guide

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