Question 1

Which statement best describes the difference between a scientific law and a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A scientific law summarizes a pattern observed in nature, while a theory provides a deep explanation for observations and laws.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture?

Accepted Answer

Salt water

Question 3

Graphite and diamond are both made entirely of carbon atoms. Why do they have such different properties?

Accepted Answer

The arrangement of carbon atoms is different in graphite and diamond, leading to drastically different physical properties.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a qualitative observation?

Accepted Answer

The temperature of the liquid is $$25\ ^\circ \mathrm{C}.$$

Question 5

A student measures the mass of a sample as $$8.50\ \mathrm{g}$$ and its volume as $$2.50\ \mathrm{cm}^3. $$What is the density of the sample?

Accepted Answer

$$3.40\ \mathrm{g/cm}^3$$

Question 6

Which of the following substances is a compound?

Accepted Answer

Salt ($$\mathrm{NaCl})$$

Question 7

Which statement about the compressibility of gases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Gases are compressible because there is a large amount of empty space between atoms or molecules.

Question 8

Which of the following is a quantitative observation?

Accepted Answer

The temperature of the solution is $$37\ ^\circ \mathrm{C}.$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a crystalline solid?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are arranged in a repeating, orderly pattern, giving them defined melting points and structure.

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct sequence in the scientific approach to knowledge?

Accepted Answer

Observation $$\rightarrow$$ Hypothesis $$\rightarrow$$ Experiment $$\rightarrow$$ Law/Theory

Question 11

A mixture of sand and salt is best classified as:

Accepted Answer

A heterogeneous mixture

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a property of liquids?

Accepted Answer

Liquids have a fixed shape.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a pure substance?

Accepted Answer

Gold ($$\mathrm{Au})$$

Question 14

Which statement about atoms and molecules is correct?

Accepted Answer

Atoms and molecules are the basic units of matter and determine the physical and chemical properties of substances.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct example of a chemical change?

Accepted Answer

Burning wood

Question 16

A student observes that a solution has a temperature of $$22.5\ ^\circ \mathrm{C}$$, is colorless, and has a mass of $$50.0\ \mathrm{g}. $$Which of these is a qualitative observation?

Accepted Answer

Colorless appearance

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A tentative explanation that can be tested by experiments.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring data that does not fit the hypothesis

Question 19

Which of the following statements about matter is correct?

Accepted Answer

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.

Question 20

Which of the following is a reason why water behaves the way it does (e.g., boiling point, taste, ability to dissolve salts)?

Accepted Answer

The shape and composition of water molecules determine its properties.

Matter, Measurement, and Problem Solving: General Chemistry Study Notes

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