Question 1

Which of the following best describes the key difference between blending inheritance and Mendel's particulate inheritance model?

Accepted Answer

Blending inheritance suggests that hereditary information is lost over generations, while particulate inheritance maintains discrete units of inheritance.

Question 2

According to Weismann's germ plasm theory, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hereditary information is transmitted only by germ cells, not by somatic cells.

Question 3

In a classic Mendelian monohybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants (Rr x Rr), what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the offspring if R is dominant to r?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$

Question 4

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

The alleles for seed color and seed shape in peas segregate independently during gamete formation.

Question 5

A plant with genotype AaBb is crossed with a plant with genotype AaBB. Assuming independent assortment, what is the probability that an offspring will have genotype AABB?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white snapdragons produces pink offspring.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why polygenic traits often show continuous variation?

Accepted Answer

They are influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors.

Question 8

In a population of 500 plants, 320 are homozygous dominant (CRCR), 160 are heterozygous (CRCW), and 20 are homozygous recessive (CWCW). What is the frequency of the CR allele?

Accepted Answer

$$0.8$$

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

There is natural selection acting on the locus.

Question 10

If the frequency of a recessive phenotype in a population is $$q^2 = 0.04$, what is the expected frequency of the dominant phenotype under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$0.96$$

Question 11

A rare white coat color in Spirit bears is caused by a recessive allele (W). In a population, 19% of bears are white (WW). Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the W allele?

Accepted Answer

$$0.436$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene affects multiple phenotypic traits.

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-world example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

Human ABO blood type, where both A and B alleles are expressed in AB individuals.

Question 14

If two genes are physically linked on the same chromosome, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

They tend to be inherited together unless crossing over occurs.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why observed genotype frequencies might deviate from Hardy-Weinberg expectations in a real population?

Accepted Answer

One or more Hardy-Weinberg assumptions are violated, such as non-random mating or selection.

Question 16

A geneticist observes that a certain allele is transmitted to offspring more than 50% of the time from heterozygotes. Which phenomenon does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Meiotic drive

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of epistasis?

Accepted Answer

A gene at one locus masks the expression of a gene at another locus.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

The genotype is the genetic makeup, while the phenotype is the observable trait, and the relationship is not always one-to-one.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct application of the product rule in probability for Mendelian inheritance?

Accepted Answer

The probability of an offspring being homozygous dominant from two heterozygous parents is $$0.5 	imes 0.5 = 0.25.$$

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why Mendel's work was not immediately recognized by the scientific community?

Accepted Answer

The prevailing theory of blending inheritance overshadowed his findings, and his work was not widely cited for decades.

Mendelian Genetics and the Modern Evolutionary Synthesis

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