Question 1

Which phase of the cell cycle is primarily responsible for the replication of DNA?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 2

During which stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 3

What is the function of the centrosome during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It organizes the microtubules of the spindle apparatus.

Question 4

Which protein structure on chromatids serves as the attachment site for spindle microtubules?

Accepted Answer

Kinetochore

Question 5

A cell is observed to have chromosomes aligned at the center of the spindle apparatus, with each chromatid attached to spindle fibers from opposite poles. Which phase is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 6

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before proceeding to anaphase?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 7

What is the primary difference between cytokinesis in animal cells and plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells form a cell plate.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of growth factors in cell cycle regulation?

Accepted Answer

They are proteins that stimulate cell division by signaling through paracrine pathways.

Question 9

A mutation causes cells to divide uncontrollably, even in the absence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a malignant tumor (cancer)

Question 10

If a human somatic cell has 46 chromosomes before S phase, how many chromatids will it have after S phase but before mitosis?

Accepted Answer

$$92$$

Question 11

Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving the cohesion proteins that hold sister chromatids together during anaphase?

Accepted Answer

Separase

Question 12

Which of the following events occurs during prophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes condense and spindle apparatus begins to form.

Question 13

What is the result of mitosis in terms of genetic material in the daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Daughter cells are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of cell division in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Production of ATP

Question 15

A researcher observes a cell with a distinct cell plate forming in the center. What type of cell is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 16

Which process is used by prokaryotes to divide and reproduce?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why nerve cells do not divide after they are generated?

Accepted Answer

They exit the cell cycle and remain in a non-dividing state.

Question 18

Which of the following mutations is commonly associated with Down Syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21

Question 19

A cell fails to pass the G2 checkpoint due to DNA damage. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell cycle is halted for DNA repair.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of cyclins in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Cyclins regulate the progression of the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases.

Mitosis & The Cell Cycle: Structure, Phases, and Regulation

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