Q: Which of the following best explains why atomic radius decreases across a period from left to right in the periodic table?

The effective nuclear charge ($$Z_{\text{eff}}) $$increases, pulling electrons closer to the nucleus.

Q: Which of the following statements about effective nuclear charge ($$Z_{\text{eff}}) is $$correct?

$$Z_{\text{eff}}$$ increases across a period because the number of protons increases while shielding remains relatively constant.

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why atomic radius decreases across a period from left to right in the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

The effective nuclear charge ($$Z_{	ext{eff}}) $$increases, pulling electrons closer to the nucleus.

Question 2

Which element is most likely to form a $$+2$$ ion based on its position in the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

Magnesium ($$\mathrm{Mg})$$

Question 3

Which of the following pairs of elements are both considered transition metals?

Accepted Answer

Copper ($$\mathrm{Cu}) $$and Zinc ($$\mathrm{Zn})$$

Question 4

Which of the following correctly describes the trend in first ionization energy as you move down a group in the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

It decreases because electrons are farther from the nucleus and more shielded.

Question 5

Which of the following elements is expected to have the highest second ionization energy?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($$\mathrm{Na})$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why fluorine ($$\mathrm{F}) is $$more electronegative than chlorine ($$\mathrm{Cl}$$)?

Accepted Answer

Fluorine has a smaller atomic radius and greater effective nuclear charge.

Question 7

Which of the following ions is isoelectronic with neon ($$\mathrm{Ne}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Na^+}$$

Question 8

Which of the following statements about effective nuclear charge ($$Z_{	ext{eff}}) is $$correct?

Accepted Answer

$$Z_{	ext{eff}}$$ increases across a period because the number of protons increases while shielding remains relatively constant.

Question 9

Which of the following elements is most likely to be found as a diatomic molecule in its elemental form?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O}_2)$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the electron configuration of a transition metal ion with an anomalous electron configuration, such as copper ($$\mathrm{Cu}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$[\mathrm{Ar}]\ 4s^1$\ 3d$$^{10}$$

Question 11

Which of the following correctly predicts the order of increasing atomic radius for the elements lithium ($$\mathrm{Li}$$), sodium ($$\mathrm{Na}$$), and potassium ($$\mathrm{K}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Li} \u003c \mathrm{Na} \u003c \mathrm{K}$$

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why noble gases are generally unreactive?

Accepted Answer

They have completely filled valence shells.

Question 13

Which of the following elements is a member of the alkaline earth metals family?

Accepted Answer

Calcium ($$\mathrm{Ca})$$

Question 14

Which of the following correctly describes the trend in metallic character across a period from left to right?

Accepted Answer

Metallic character decreases.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the first ionization energy of magnesium ($$\mathrm{Mg}) is $$higher than that of sodium ($$\mathrm{Na}$$)?

Accepted Answer

Magnesium has a higher effective nuclear charge.

Question 16

Which of the following elements is most likely to form an anion with a $$-2$$ charge?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O})$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the trend in electron affinity across a period from left to right?

Accepted Answer

Electron affinity becomes more negative.

Question 18

Which of the following elements is most likely to be found in nature as a free metal due to its low reactivity?

Accepted Answer

Gold ($$\mathrm{Au})$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why transition metals often have multiple possible oxidation states?

Accepted Answer

They have incomplete $$d$$ subshells that can lose different numbers of electrons.

Question 20

Which of the following correctly predicts the order of increasing first ionization energy for the elements potassium ($$\mathrm{K}$$), calcium ($$\mathrm{Ca}$$), and scandium ($$\mathrm{Sc}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{K} \u003c \mathrm{Ca} \u003c \mathrm{Sc}$$

Periodic Properties of the Elements – Study Guide

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