Q: A sample of gas in a syringe is compressed from 60.0 mL to 30.0 mL at constant temperature. If the initial pressure was 1.00 atm, what is the final pressure?

$$P_2$$ = \frac{$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$}{$$V_2$$} = \frac{1.00 \text{ atm} \times 60.0 \text{ mL}}{30.0 \text{ mL}} = 2.00 \text{ atm}$$

Q: A gas occupies 2.50 L at 300 K. If the temperature increases to 600 K at constant pressure, what is the new volume?

$$V_2$$ = $$V_1$$ \times \frac{$$T_2$$}{$$T_1$$} = 2.50 \text{ L} \times \frac{600 \text{ K}}{300 \text{ K}} = 5.00 \text{ L}$$

Q: A gas sample has a pressure of 2.00 atm, a volume of 3.00 L, and a temperature of 273 K. What is the pressure if the volume changes to 2.00 L and the temperature to 546 K? (Use the combined gas law.)

$$P_2$$ = $$P_1$$ \times \frac{$$V_1$$}{$$V_2$$} \times \frac{$$T_2$$}{$$T_1$$} = 2.00 \text{ atm} \times \frac{3.00}{2.00} \times \frac{546}{273} = 2.00 \times 1.5 \times 2 = 6.00 \text{ atm}$$

Question 1

Which statement best describes the kinetic molecular theory of gases?

Accepted Answer

Gas particles are in constant, random motion and have no attractive forces between them.

Question 2

A sample of gas in a syringe is compressed from 60.0 mL to 30.0 mL at constant temperature. If the initial pressure was 1.00 atm, what is the final pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$P_2$$ = \frac{$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$}{$$V_2$$} = \frac{1.00 	ext{ atm} 	imes 60.0 	ext{ mL}}{30.0 	ext{ mL}} = 2.00 	ext{ atm}$$

Question 3

Which of the following substances would have the highest boiling point?

Accepted Answer

A molecule capable of hydrogen bonding

Question 4

What is the main reason oil and water do not mix?

Accepted Answer

Oil and water do not share similar types of attractive forces.

Question 5

A gas occupies 2.50 L at 300 K. If the temperature increases to 600 K at constant pressure, what is the new volume?

Accepted Answer

$$V_2$$ = $$V_1$$ 	imes \frac{$$T_2$$}{$$T_1$$} = 2.50 	ext{ L} 	imes \frac{600 	ext{ K}}{300 	ext{ K}} = 5.00 	ext{ L}$$

Question 6

Which attractive force is responsible for holding the DNA double helix together?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why fats are solids and oils are liquids at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Fats have mainly saturated hydrocarbon tails, allowing for more London force attractions.

Question 8

Which of the following is the strongest type of attractive force?

Accepted Answer

Ionic attraction (salt bridge)

Question 9

A gas sample has a pressure of 2.00 atm, a volume of 3.00 L, and a temperature of 273 K. What is the pressure if the volume changes to 2.00 L and the temperature to 546 K? (Use the combined gas law.)

Accepted Answer

$$P_2$$ = $$P_1$$ 	imes \frac{$$V_1$$}{$$V_2$$} 	imes \frac{$$T_2$$}{$$T_1$$} = 2.00 	ext{ atm} 	imes \frac{3.00}{2.00} 	imes \frac{546}{273} = 2.00 	imes 1.5 	imes 2 = 6.00 	ext{ atm}$$

Question 10

Which of the following molecules is most likely to be soluble in water?

Accepted Answer

A molecule with several hydroxyl (–OH) groups

Question 11

What is the role of an emulsifier such as soap in cleaning greasy stains?

Accepted Answer

It forms micelles that dissolve nonpolar stains and make them soluble in water.

Question 12

Which pressure unit is most commonly used when measuring blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Millimeters of mercury (mmHg)

Question 13

Which statement about phospholipids in cell membranes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids form a bilayer with polar heads facing the aqueous environment.

Question 14

Which type of attractive force is most important for holding cell membranes together?

Accepted Answer

London forces between nonpolar tails

Question 15

A sealed container of water is heated until the vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure. What is occurring?

Accepted Answer

The water is boiling.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes an amphipathic molecule?

Accepted Answer

A molecule with both polar and nonpolar regions

Question 17

Which attractive force is responsible for the solubility of ionic compounds in water?

Accepted Answer

Ion-dipole attraction

Question 18

A pharmaceutical company modifies a drug to include an amine group. What is the likely effect on the drug’s solubility in water?

Accepted Answer

It increases the solubility by allowing the drug to form a charged, hydrated species.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about cholesterol in cell membranes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol has a polar OH group that interacts with water and a nonpolar steroid nucleus that embeds in the membrane.

States of Matter, Gas Laws, and Attractive Forces: Chapter 7 Study Notes

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