A solution is made by adding 0.300 g Ca1OH221s2, 50.0 mL of 1.40 M HNO3, and enough water to make a final volume of 75.0 mL. Assuming that all of the solid dissolves, what is the pH of the final solution?

검증된 단계별 안내

Calculate the moles of Ca(OH)_2 using its molar mass.

Determine the moles of HNO_3 using its concentration and volume.

Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction: Ca(OH)_2 + 2HNO_3 -> Ca(NO_3)_2 + 2H_2O.

Calculate the moles of H^+ ions remaining after the reaction, considering the stoichiometry of the reaction.

Use the concentration of remaining H^+ ions in the final solution volume to find the pH using the formula: pH = -log[H^+].

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주요 개념

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Dissociation of Calcium Hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, is a strong base that dissociates completely in water to produce calcium ions (Ca²⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻). The dissociation reaction can be represented as Ca(OH)2 → Ca²⁺ + 2OH⁻. Understanding this dissociation is crucial for determining the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution, which directly affects the pH.

Strong Acid-Base Neutralization

In this scenario, nitric acid (HNO3) is a strong acid that also dissociates completely in solution to yield hydrogen ions (H⁺). The reaction between the hydroxide ions from calcium hydroxide and the hydrogen ions from nitric acid leads to neutralization, forming water. The stoichiometry of this reaction is essential for calculating the resulting concentrations of H⁺ and OH⁻ ions, which ultimately determines the pH of the solution.

pH Calculation

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration: pH = -log[H⁺]. In a neutralization reaction, the final pH depends on the relative amounts of H⁺ and OH⁻ ions present after the reaction. If there is an excess of H⁺, the solution will be acidic (pH < 7), while an excess of OH⁻ will result in a basic solution (pH > 7).