(b) For a certain process that occurs at constant T and P, the value of ΔG is positive. Is the process spontaneous?

검증된 단계별 안내

Understand the concept of Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG): Gibbs Free Energy is a thermodynamic potential that can be used to predict the spontaneity of a process at constant temperature and pressure.

Recall the spontaneity criterion: A process is spontaneous if the change in Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) is negative. If ΔG is positive, the process is non-spontaneous under the given conditions.

Analyze the given condition: The problem states that ΔG is positive for the process occurring at constant temperature and pressure.

Apply the spontaneity criterion to the given condition: Since ΔG is positive, according to the criterion, the process is not spontaneous.

Conclude based on the analysis: The process is non-spontaneous at constant temperature and pressure because the value of ΔG is positive.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG)

Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) is a thermodynamic potential that measures the maximum reversible work obtainable from a thermodynamic system at constant temperature and pressure. A negative ΔG indicates that a process can occur spontaneously, while a positive ΔG suggests that the process is non-spontaneous under the given conditions.

Spontaneity of Reactions

The spontaneity of a reaction refers to its ability to proceed without external intervention. A spontaneous process is characterized by a decrease in free energy (ΔG < 0), meaning it can occur naturally. Conversely, if ΔG is positive, the process is not spontaneous and requires energy input to occur.

Thermodynamic Equilibrium

Thermodynamic equilibrium is the state of a system where macroscopic properties are uniform and do not change over time. At equilibrium, the Gibbs Free Energy is at a minimum, and any process that would increase ΔG is not spontaneous. A positive ΔG indicates that the system is not at equilibrium and will not proceed spontaneously in the forward direction.