교과서 질문
The nuclear masses of 7Be, 9Be, and 10Be are 7.0147, 9.0100, and 10.0113 amu, respectively. Which of these nuclei has the largest binding energy per nucleon?
610
views
Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경다른 교과서를 선택하세요
TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
21장, 문제 84
The Sun radiates energy into space at the rate of 3.9 * 1026 J/s. (a) Calculate the rate of mass loss from the Sun in kg/s. (b) How does this mass loss arise? (c) It is estimated that the Sun contains 9 * 1056 free protons. How many protons per second are consumed in nuclear reactions in the Sun?
검증된 단계별 안내1
Step 1: To find the rate of mass loss from the Sun in kg/s, use Einstein's mass-energy equivalence principle, E=mc^2, where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light (approximately 3.00 x 10^8 m/s). Rearrange the formula to solve for mass: m = E/c^2.
Step 2: Substitute the given energy rate (3.9 x 10^26 J/s) into the equation from Step 1 to calculate the rate of mass loss. This will give you the mass loss in kg/s.
Step 3: For part (b), understand that the mass loss arises from nuclear fusion reactions occurring in the Sun's core, where hydrogen nuclei (protons) fuse to form helium, releasing energy in the process.
Step 4: To find how many protons per second are consumed, first determine the energy released per fusion reaction. Typically, the fusion of four protons into one helium nucleus releases about 26.7 MeV of energy.
Step 5: Convert the energy released per reaction from MeV to joules, then divide the total energy output of the Sun (3.9 x 10^26 J/s) by the energy per reaction to find the number of reactions per second. Since each reaction consumes four protons, multiply the number of reactions by four to find the number of protons consumed per second.
주요 개념
질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.
Einstein's Mass-Energy Equivalence
Einstein's mass-energy equivalence principle, expressed as E=mc², states that energy (E) and mass (m) are interchangeable; they are different forms of the same thing. This principle is crucial for understanding how the Sun converts mass into energy through nuclear fusion, allowing us to calculate the rate of mass loss based on the energy output.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
04:12
Energy to Mass Conversion
Nuclear Fusion in the Sun
Nuclear fusion is the process by which two light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy in the process. In the Sun, hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium, which is the primary source of the Sun's energy. This process not only generates energy but also results in a gradual loss of mass, which can be quantified.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
02:06Nuclear Binding Energy
Rate of Reaction and Particle Consumption
The rate of reaction in nuclear processes, such as those occurring in the Sun, can be determined by the energy produced and the number of particles involved. By knowing the total energy output and the energy released per fusion reaction, we can calculate how many protons are consumed per second, providing insight into the Sun's longevity and energy production.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
02:03Average Rate of Reaction