Write balanced chemical equations for (a) the complete combustion of acetone (CH₃COCH₃), a common organic solvent (b) the decomposition of solid mercury (I) carbonate into carbon dioxide gas, mercury, and solid mercury oxide

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Identify the reactants and products in the combustion reaction. Acetone (\(\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3\)) reacts with oxygen (\(\text{O}_2\)) to produce carbon dioxide (\(\text{CO}_2\)) and water (\(\text{H}_2\text{O}\)).

Write the unbalanced chemical equation for the combustion of acetone: \(\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3 + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O}\).

Balance the carbon atoms first. Acetone has 3 carbon atoms, so you need 3 \(\text{CO}_2\) molecules on the product side: \(\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3 + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 3\text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O}\).

Next, balance the hydrogen atoms. Acetone has 6 hydrogen atoms, so you need 3 \(\text{H}_2\text{O}\) molecules on the product side: \(\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3 + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 3\text{CO}_2 + 3\text{H}_2\text{O}\).

Finally, balance the oxygen atoms. Count the total oxygen atoms needed on the product side (3 \(\text{CO}_2\) = 6 O, 3 \(\text{H}_2\text{O}\) = 3 O, total = 9 O). Therefore, you need \(\frac{9}{2}\) or 4.5 \(\text{O}_2\) molecules on the reactant side. Multiply the entire equation by 2 to eliminate the fraction: \(2\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3 + 9\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O}\).

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주요 개념

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Combustion Reactions

Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a substance with oxygen, producing heat and light. In organic chemistry, complete combustion occurs when a hydrocarbon reacts with sufficient oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. Understanding the stoichiometry of these reactions is essential for balancing chemical equations.

Balancing Chemical Equations

Balancing chemical equations is the process of ensuring that the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation. This is achieved by adjusting the coefficients of the reactants and products. A balanced equation reflects the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the study of the quantitative relationships between the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It allows chemists to predict how much of each substance is consumed or produced. In the context of combustion, stoichiometry helps determine the exact ratios of acetone and oxygen needed to achieve complete combustion.

Write balanced chemical equations for (a) the complete combustion of acetone (CH3COCH3), a common organic solvent (b) the decomposition of solid mercury (I) carbonate into carbon dioxide gas, mercury, and solid mercury oxide