A solution of 100.0 mL of 0.200 M KOH is mixed with a solution of 200.0 mL of 0.150 M NiSO₄. (e) What is the concentration of each ion that remains in solution?

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Determine the moles of KOH: Use the formula \( \text{moles} = \text{concentration} \times \text{volume} \). Calculate the moles of KOH using the given concentration (0.200 M) and volume (100.0 mL, converted to liters).

Determine the moles of NiSO_4: Similarly, calculate the moles of NiSO_4 using its concentration (0.150 M) and volume (200.0 mL, converted to liters).

Write the balanced chemical equation: The reaction between KOH and NiSO_4 is \( 2 \text{KOH} + \text{NiSO}_4 \rightarrow \text{Ni(OH)}_2 + \text{K}_2\text{SO}_4 \).

Identify the limiting reactant: Compare the mole ratio from the balanced equation to the moles calculated to determine which reactant is limiting.

Calculate the concentration of remaining ions: After the reaction, calculate the concentration of ions that remain in solution by considering the excess reactant and the total volume of the solution (300.0 mL).

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Molarity

Molarity (M) is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It is crucial for calculating the amount of ions present in a solution after mixing. In this question, the molarity of KOH and NiSO4 solutions will help determine the final concentrations of K+, OH-, Ni2+, and SO4^2- ions in the combined solution.

Stoichiometry of Reactions

Stoichiometry involves the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on balanced equations. In this case, KOH dissociates into K+ and OH- ions, while NiSO4 dissociates into Ni2+ and SO4^2- ions. Understanding the stoichiometry allows us to determine how the ions interact and what remains in solution after mixing.

Dilution and Volume Changes

When two solutions are mixed, the total volume changes, affecting the concentration of the ions present. The dilution principle states that the concentration of a solute decreases when the volume of the solution increases. In this scenario, calculating the final concentrations of the ions requires accounting for the total volume after mixing the two solutions.

A solution of 100.0 mL of 0.200 M KOH is mixed with a solution of 200.0 mL of 0.150 M NiSO4. (e) What is the concentration of each ion that remains in solution?