Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition

Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경

Brown 14th Edition

Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution

문제 33a

4장, 문제 33a

State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Justify your answer in each case. (a) Sulfuric acid is a monoprotic acid.

검증된 단계별 안내

Sulfuric acid (H_2SO_4) is a strong acid commonly used in various chemical processes.

The term 'monoprotic' refers to an acid that can donate only one proton (H^+) per molecule in an aqueous solution.

To determine if sulfuric acid is monoprotic, consider its chemical formula, H_2SO_4, which indicates it has two hydrogen atoms that can potentially be donated as protons.

In aqueous solution, sulfuric acid dissociates in two steps: the first step involves the donation of one proton, forming the bisulfate ion (HSO_4^-), and the second step involves the donation of a second proton, forming the sulfate ion (SO_4^{2-}).

Since sulfuric acid can donate two protons, it is classified as a diprotic acid, not a monoprotic acid. Therefore, the statement is false.

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주요 개념

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Monoprotic Acids

Monoprotic acids are acids that can donate only one proton (H⁺ ion) per molecule during the process of dissociation in an aqueous solution. This characteristic is crucial for understanding the acid's strength and behavior in chemical reactions. Examples of monoprotic acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and acetic acid (CH₃COOH).

Sulfuric Acid

Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) is a strong diprotic acid, meaning it can donate two protons per molecule. The first dissociation releases one proton, while the second dissociation releases another proton, making it capable of acting as both a monoprotic and diprotic acid depending on the context. This property is essential for understanding its reactivity and applications in various chemical processes.

Acid Strength and Classification

Acid strength refers to the ability of an acid to donate protons in solution, which is influenced by its molecular structure and the stability of its conjugate base. Acids are classified as strong or weak based on their degree of ionization in water. Understanding this classification helps in predicting the behavior of acids in chemical reactions and their interactions with bases.

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교과서 질문

Separate samples of a solution of an unknown ionic compound are treated with dilute AgNO3, Pb1NO322, and BaCl2. Precipitates form in all three cases. Which of the following could be the anion of the unknown salt: Br-, CO32-, NO3-?

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교과서 질문

State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Justify your answer in each case. (b) HCl is a weak acid.

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교과서 질문

You know that an unlabeled bottle contains an aqueous solution of one of the following: AgNO3, CaCl2, or Al21SO423. A friend suggests that you test a portion of the solution with Ba1NO322 and then with NaCl solutions. According to your friend's logic, which of these chemical reactions could occur, thus helping you identify the solution in the bottle? (a) Barium sulfate could precipitate. (b) Silver chloride could precipitate. (c) Silver sulfate could precipitate. (d) More than one, but not all, of the reactions described in answers a–c could occur. (e) All three reactions described in answers a–c could occur.

State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Justify your answer in each case. (c) Methanol is a base.

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교과서 질문

Three solutions are mixed together to form a single solution; in the final solution, there are 0.2 mol Pb1CH3COO)2, 0.1 mol Na2S, and 0.1 mol CaCl2 present. What solid(s) will precipitate?

State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Justify your answer in each case. (a) NH3 contains no OH- ions, and yet its aqueous solutions are basic

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