Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding

Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition

Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경

Brown 14th Edition

Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding

문제 94a

8장, 문제 94a

Ortho-Dichlorobenzene, C₆H₄Cl₂, is obtained when two of the adjacent hydrogen atoms in benzene are replaced with Cl atoms. A skeleton of the molecule is shown here. (a) Complete a Lewis structure for the molecule using bonds and electron pairs as needed.

검증된 단계별 안내

Identify the basic structure of benzene, which is a hexagonal ring consisting of six carbon atoms with alternating double bonds and each carbon atom bonded to one hydrogen atom.

Replace two adjacent hydrogen atoms in the benzene ring with chlorine (Cl) atoms. This modification will occur at the ortho positions, which are the positions next to each other on the benzene ring.

Draw single bonds from the carbon atoms to the chlorine atoms, as chlorine typically forms single bonds in organic compounds.

Complete the remaining bonds in the benzene ring. Ensure that each carbon atom forms three bonds in total and maintains the alternating double bond structure where possible. Adjust the double bonds if necessary to accommodate the electron pairs shared with the chlorine atoms.

Add lone pairs to the chlorine atoms. Each chlorine atom should have three pairs of lone electrons, which are not involved in bonding but influence the shape and reactivity of the molecule.

비슷한 문제에 대한 검증된 영상 답변:

이 영상 해법은 위 문제에 도움이 된다고 튜터들이 추천한 것입니다.

영상 길이:

주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Lewis Structures

Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They use dots to represent valence electrons and lines to represent covalent bonds. Understanding how to draw Lewis structures is essential for visualizing molecular geometry and predicting reactivity.

Covalent Bonding

Covalent bonding occurs when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons, allowing them to achieve a full outer electron shell. In ortho-dichlorobenzene, the carbon atoms in the benzene ring form covalent bonds with chlorine atoms, replacing hydrogen atoms. This concept is fundamental for understanding molecular structure and stability.

Molecular Geometry

Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule. The geometry is influenced by the number of bonds and lone pairs around the central atoms, which can affect the molecule's physical and chemical properties. In ortho-dichlorobenzene, the arrangement of chlorine and carbon atoms will determine the molecule's shape and reactivity.

관련 실천

교과서 질문

The following three Lewis structures can be drawn for N2O:

(b) The N—N bond length in N2O is 1.12 Å, slightly longer than a typical N≡N bond; and the N—O bond length is 1.19 Å, slightly shorter than a typical N═O bond (see Table 8.4). Based on these data, which resonance structure best represents N2O?

1698

views

교과서 질문

Ortho-Dichlorobenzene, C₆H₄Cl₂, is obtained when two of the adjacent hydrogen atoms in benzene are replaced with Cl atoms. A skeleton of the molecule is shown here. (b) Are there any resonance structures for the molecule? If so, sketch them.

539

views

교과서 질문

Consider the hypothetical molecule B-A=B. Are the following statements true or false? (a) This molecule cannot exist. (b) If resonance was important, the molecule would have identical A–B bond lengths.

405

views

교과서 질문

An important reaction for the conversion of natural gas to other useful hydrocarbons is the conversion of methane to ethane. 2 CH₄(g) → C₂H₆(g) + H₂(g) In practice, this reaction is carried out in the presence of oxygen, which converts the hydrogen produced into water. 2 CH₄(g) + 12 O₂(g) → C₂H₆(g) + H₂O(g) Use Table 8.3 to estimate H for these two reactions. Why is the conversion of methane to ethane more favorable when oxygen is used? Why is the conversion of methane to ethane more favorable when oxygen is used?

587

views

교과서 질문

The following three Lewis structures can be drawn for N2O:

(a) Using formal charges, which of these three resonance forms is likely to be the most important?

1177

views

Ortho-Dichlorobenzene, C6H4Cl2, is obtained when two of the adjacent hydrogen atoms in benzene are replaced with Cl atoms. A skeleton of the molecule is shown here. (a) Complete a Lewis structure for the molecule using bonds and electron pairs as needed.

비슷한 문제에 대한 검증된 영상 답변:

주요 개념

Lewis Structures

Covalent Bonding

Molecular Geometry

Ortho-Dichlorobenzene, C₆H₄Cl₂, is obtained when two of the adjacent hydrogen atoms in benzene are replaced with Cl atoms. A skeleton of the molecule is shown here. (a) Complete a Lewis structure for the molecule using bonds and electron pairs as needed.