Based on Lewis structures, predict the ordering, from shortest to longest, of N¬O bond lengths in NO+, NO2-, and NO3-.

검증된 단계별 안내

Determine the Lewis structure for each species: NO^+, NO_2^-, and NO_3^-.

Calculate the formal charge for each atom in the structures to ensure the most stable Lewis structure is used.

Identify the type of bonds present in each species: single, double, or resonance structures.

Understand that bond order is inversely related to bond length; higher bond order means shorter bond length.

Compare the bond orders: NO^+ has a bond order of 3, NO_2^- has a bond order of 1.5 (due to resonance), and NO_3^- has a bond order of 1.33 (due to resonance).

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Lewis Structures

Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They help visualize the arrangement of electrons and predict molecular geometry, which is crucial for understanding bond lengths. In the context of the question, drawing the Lewis structures for NO+, NO2-, and NO3- will reveal the number of bonds and electron pairs, influencing the bond lengths.

Bond Order

Bond order is a concept that indicates the number of chemical bonds between a pair of atoms. It is calculated as the difference between the number of bonding and antibonding electrons divided by two. Higher bond orders generally correlate with shorter bond lengths due to increased electron density between the nuclei, which pulls them closer together. Understanding bond order is essential for predicting the relative lengths of N-O bonds in the given species.

Resonance Structures

Resonance structures are different ways of drawing the same molecule that show the delocalization of electrons. In molecules like NO2- and NO3-, resonance contributes to the stability and bond characteristics of the molecule. The presence of resonance can lead to bond lengths that are intermediate between single and double bonds, affecting the overall bond length in the N-O bonds. Recognizing resonance is key to accurately predicting bond lengths in the given compounds.