Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (a) p orbitals can only make σ or σ* molecular orbitals.

검증된 단계별 안내

Understand the types of molecular orbitals: Molecular orbitals are formed by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The two main types are sigma (σ) and pi (π) orbitals.

Review the characteristics of p orbitals: p orbitals have a dumbbell shape and can overlap in different ways to form molecular orbitals.

Consider the formation of σ molecular orbitals: When two p orbitals overlap end-to-end (along the internuclear axis), they form a σ molecular orbital.

Consider the formation of π molecular orbitals: When two p orbitals overlap side-by-side (perpendicular to the internuclear axis), they form a π molecular orbital.

Evaluate the statement: Since p orbitals can form both σ and π molecular orbitals, the statement that p orbitals can only make σ or σ* molecular orbitals is false.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

p Orbitals

P orbitals are one of the types of atomic orbitals that have a dumbbell shape and are oriented along the x, y, and z axes. Each p orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons and is involved in bonding through the overlap with other orbitals. Understanding the characteristics of p orbitals is essential for predicting how they participate in molecular bonding.

Molecular Orbitals

Molecular orbitals are formed when atomic orbitals combine during the bonding process. They can be classified as bonding (σ) or antibonding (σ*), depending on whether the overlap of atomic orbitals leads to a lower or higher energy state, respectively. The formation of these orbitals is crucial for understanding the stability and reactivity of molecules.

σ and σ* Bonding

σ (sigma) bonds are formed by the head-on overlap of orbitals, allowing for strong bonding between atoms, while σ* (sigma star) represents the antibonding counterpart, which destabilizes the bond. P orbitals can participate in the formation of both σ and π bonds, but the statement in the question incorrectly limits their role to only σ and σ* molecular orbitals.