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Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 15th Edition
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
모든 교과서Brown 15th EditionCh.13 - Properties of Solutions문제 73
13장, 문제 73

List the following aqueous solutions in order of increasing boiling point: 0.120 m glucose, 0.050 m LiBr, 0.050 m Zn(NO3)2.

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1
Identify the colligative property involved: Boiling point elevation is a colligative property, which depends on the number of solute particles in a solution.
Determine the van 't Hoff factor (i) for each solute: Glucose (C_6H_{12}O_6) is a non-electrolyte, so i = 1. LiBr is an electrolyte that dissociates into Li^+ and Br^-, so i = 2. Zn(NO_3)_2 dissociates into Zn^{2+} and 2 NO_3^-, so i = 3.
Calculate the effective molality for each solution: Multiply the molality (m) by the van 't Hoff factor (i) for each solution. For glucose, it's 0.120 m * 1. For LiBr, it's 0.050 m * 2. For Zn(NO_3)_2, it's 0.050 m * 3.
Compare the effective molalities: The solution with the highest effective molality will have the highest boiling point, and the one with the lowest effective molality will have the lowest boiling point.
List the solutions in order of increasing boiling point based on their effective molalities.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Colligative Properties

Colligative properties are physical properties of solutions that depend on the number of solute particles in a given amount of solvent, rather than the identity of the solute. These properties include boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, vapor pressure lowering, and osmotic pressure. In this context, the boiling point elevation is crucial for determining the order of the solutions based on their molal concentrations.
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가이드 코스
01:26
Colligative Properties

Boiling Point Elevation

Boiling point elevation occurs when a non-volatile solute is added to a solvent, resulting in an increase in the boiling point of the solution compared to the pure solvent. The extent of this elevation is directly proportional to the molality of the solute and the van 't Hoff factor (i), which accounts for the number of particles the solute dissociates into. Thus, solutions with higher concentrations of solute particles will have higher boiling points.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
03:05
Boiling Point Elevation

Van 't Hoff Factor (i)

The van 't Hoff factor (i) represents the number of particles into which a solute dissociates in solution. For example, glucose does not dissociate (i=1), while LiBr dissociates into two ions (Li+ and Br-, i=2), and Zn(NO3)2 dissociates into three ions (Zn2+ and two NO3-, i=3). This factor is essential for calculating the effective concentration of solute particles, which influences the boiling point elevation of the solution.
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가이드 코스
02:50
Van't Hoff Factor
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교과서 질문

Using data from Table 13.3, calculate the freezing and boiling points of each of the following solutions: (a) 0.22 m glycerol (C3H8O3) in ethanol, (b) 0.240 mol of naphthalene (C10H8) in 2.45 mol of chloroform, (c) 1.50 g NaCl in 0.250 kg of water, (d) 2.04 g KBr and 4.82 g of glucose (C6H12O6) in 188 g of water.

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교과서 질문

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교과서 질문

Using data from Table 13.3, calculate the freezing and boiling points of each of the following solutions: (a) 0.25 m glucose in ethanol; (b) 20.0 g of decane, C10H22, in 50.0 g CHCl3; (c) 3.50 g NaOH in 175 g of water, (d) 0.45 mol ethylene glycol and 0.15 mol KBr in 150 g H2O.

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