Which set of statements is true about Rutherford’s gold foil experiment?
i. This is the main experiment that showed that atoms have a dense nucleus.
ii. The data from the experiment showed that alpha particles scattered equally at all angles from the gold foil.
iii. Electrons were emitted from the gold atoms in straight lines.

a. i only
b. ii only
c. iii only
d. i and ii
e. i and iii

검증된 단계별 안내

Review the historical context of Rutherford's gold foil experiment, which was conducted to explore the structure of the atom.

Understand that the experiment involved directing alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil and observing their scattering patterns.

Recall that the key finding was that most alpha particles passed through the foil with little deflection, but a small fraction were deflected at large angles, indicating a dense, positively charged nucleus.

Evaluate statement i: It is true because the experiment demonstrated the existence of a dense nucleus at the center of the atom.

Evaluate statement ii: It is false because the alpha particles did not scatter equally at all angles; most passed through with little deflection, and only a few were deflected at large angles.

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이 영상 해법은 위 문제에 도움이 된다고 튜터들이 추천한 것입니다.

영상 길이:

주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment

Rutherford's gold foil experiment, conducted in 1909, was pivotal in demonstrating that atoms consist of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons. In this experiment, alpha particles were directed at a thin sheet of gold foil, and their scattering patterns provided insights into atomic structure, leading to the conclusion that most of an atom's mass is concentrated in the nucleus.

Alpha Particle Scattering

The scattering of alpha particles in Rutherford's experiment revealed that while most particles passed through the foil, a small fraction were deflected at large angles. This unexpected result indicated that the positive charge and mass of an atom are concentrated in a tiny nucleus, contradicting the then-accepted plum pudding model of atomic structure.

Atomic Structure

The atomic structure concept refers to the arrangement of protons, neutrons, and electrons within an atom. Rutherford's findings led to the nuclear model of the atom, where electrons orbit a dense nucleus made of protons and neutrons, fundamentally changing the understanding of atomic composition and paving the way for modern atomic theory.