Two dichloroethylene molecules with the same chemical formula1C2H2Cl22, but different arrangements of atoms are shown.
(c) Which form of dichloroethylene has the highest boiling point?

검증된 단계별 안내

Identify the two isomers of dichloroethylene: cis and trans.

Understand that the cis isomer has both chlorine atoms on the same side of the double bond, while the trans isomer has the chlorine atoms on opposite sides.

Recall that the boiling point of a molecule is influenced by its intermolecular forces, such as dipole-dipole interactions and van der Waals forces.

Recognize that the cis isomer has a higher dipole moment due to the polar chlorines being on the same side, leading to stronger dipole-dipole interactions.

Conclude that the cis isomer of dichloroethylene will have a higher boiling point than the trans isomer due to these stronger intermolecular forces.

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주요 개념

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Isomerism

Isomerism refers to the phenomenon where two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of atoms. In the case of dichloroethylene, the two isomers, cis and trans, differ in the spatial orientation of the chlorine atoms around the double bond, leading to distinct physical and chemical properties.

Boiling Point

The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals the external pressure, causing it to change from liquid to gas. Factors influencing boiling points include molecular weight, intermolecular forces, and molecular structure. Generally, isomers with stronger intermolecular forces, such as dipole-dipole interactions, will have higher boiling points.

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion between neighboring particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). In dichloroethylene, the cis isomer has a higher dipole moment due to the arrangement of chlorine atoms, leading to stronger dipole-dipole interactions compared to the trans isomer, which can result in a higher boiling point for the cis form.

Two dichloroethylene molecules with the same chemical formula1C2H2Cl22, but different arrangements of atoms are shown.(c) Which form of dichloroethylene has the highest boiling point?