Skip to main content
Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements
McMurry - Chemistry 8th Edition
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
모든 교과서McMurry 8th EditionCh.22 - The Main Group Elements문제 5
22장, 문제 5

Draw the electron-dot structure for BH3. What are the hybrid orbitals used by boron to form bonds with hydrogen, and will BH3 act as a Lewis acid or a Lewis base? (LO 22.9) (a) sp3; Lewis acid (b) sp3; Lewis base (c) sp2; Lewis acid (d) sp2; Lewis base

검증된 단계별 안내
1
Step 1: Determine the total number of valence electrons in BH3. Boron (B) has 3 valence electrons, and each hydrogen (H) has 1 valence electron. Therefore, the total number of valence electrons is 3 (from B) + 3*1 (from 3 H) = 6 valence electrons.
Step 2: Draw the electron-dot structure for BH3. Place boron in the center and arrange the three hydrogen atoms around it. Distribute the 6 valence electrons to form single bonds between boron and each hydrogen atom, resulting in a structure where boron is surrounded by three hydrogen atoms, each sharing a pair of electrons with boron.
Step 3: Determine the hybridization of boron in BH3. Boron forms three sigma bonds with hydrogen, and there are no lone pairs on boron. The steric number (number of sigma bonds + lone pairs) is 3, indicating sp2 hybridization.
Step 4: Analyze whether BH3 acts as a Lewis acid or a Lewis base. A Lewis acid is an electron pair acceptor, while a Lewis base is an electron pair donor. Since BH3 has an incomplete octet and can accept an electron pair, it acts as a Lewis acid.
Step 5: Based on the analysis, the correct answer is (c) sp2; Lewis acid.

주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Electron-Dot Structure

The electron-dot structure, or Lewis structure, represents the valence electrons of atoms within a molecule. In BH3, boron is the central atom surrounded by three hydrogen atoms, with each bond represented by a pair of shared electrons. This structure helps visualize how atoms are bonded and the distribution of electrons, which is crucial for understanding molecular geometry and reactivity.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
04:28
Lewis Dot Structures: Ions

Hybridization

Hybridization is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that can accommodate bonding. In the case of BH3, boron undergoes sp2 hybridization, resulting in three equivalent sp2 hybrid orbitals that form sigma bonds with hydrogen atoms. This hybridization influences the molecular shape and bond angles, leading to a trigonal planar geometry.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
00:51
Hybridization

Lewis Acids and Bases

Lewis acids are defined as electron pair acceptors, while Lewis bases are electron pair donors. In the context of BH3, the molecule acts as a Lewis acid because boron has an incomplete octet and can accept a pair of electrons to achieve stability. This property is significant in chemical reactions, particularly in coordination chemistry and organic synthesis.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
05:04
Lewis Acids and Bases
관련 실천
교과서 질문

Which element will react most vigorously with water, and what is the reaction that occurs?

(a) Lithium; 2 Li(s) + 2 H2O(l) → 2 Li+(aq) + 2 H–(aq) + H2O2(aq)

(b) Potassium; 2 K(s) + 2 H2O(l) → 2 K+(aq) + 2 OH–(aq) + H2(g)

(c) Magnesium; Mg(s) + 2 H2O(l) → Mg2+(aq) + 2 OH–(aq) + H2(g)

(d) Barium; Ba(s) + 2 H2O(l) → Ba2+(aq) + 2 H–(aq) + H2O2(aq)

1
views
교과서 질문

BF3 reacts with F- to give BF4-, but AlF3 reacts with F- to give AlF63-. Explain.

232
views
교과서 질문

Which of the following elements is the best conductor of electricity? (LO 22.1)

(a) N (b) As

(c) P (d) Bi

104
views