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Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics
McMurry - Chemistry 8th Edition
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모든 교과서McMurry 8th EditionCh.14 - Chemical Kinetics문제 54a
14장, 문제 54a

From the plot of concentration–time data in Figure 14.1, estimate: (a) the instantaneous rate of decomposition of N2O5 at t = 200 s.

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1
Identify the concentration-time plot for the decomposition of \( \text{N}_2\text{O}_5 \).
Locate the point on the graph where \( t = 200 \text{ s} \).
Draw a tangent line to the curve at \( t = 200 \text{ s} \) to find the instantaneous rate.
Determine the slope of the tangent line, which represents the rate of change of concentration with respect to time.
Use the formula for the rate of decomposition: \( \text{Rate} = -\frac{d[\text{N}_2\text{O}_5]}{dt} \), where the slope of the tangent line gives \( \frac{d[\text{N}_2\text{O}_5]}{dt} \).

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Instantaneous Rate of Reaction

The instantaneous rate of a reaction refers to the rate at which a reactant is consumed or a product is formed at a specific moment in time. It can be determined from the slope of the concentration vs. time graph at that particular time point. This concept is crucial for understanding how reaction rates change over time and allows for the calculation of rates at any given instant.
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Instantaneous Rate

Concentration-Time Graph

A concentration-time graph visually represents how the concentration of a reactant or product changes over time during a chemical reaction. The x-axis typically represents time, while the y-axis represents concentration. Analyzing the slope of the curve at a specific time provides insights into the reaction kinetics and helps estimate the instantaneous rate of reaction.
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02:16
Electrochemical Stoichiometric Chart (Time)

Decomposition Reaction

A decomposition reaction is a type of chemical reaction where a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products. In this case, the decomposition of N2O5 involves the breakdown of dinitrogen pentoxide into nitrogen dioxide and oxygen. Understanding the nature of decomposition reactions is essential for analyzing their rates and mechanisms, particularly in the context of concentration changes over time.
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Alcohol Reactions: Dehydration Reactions
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교과서 질문

From the plot of concentration–time data in Figure 14.1, estimate: (b) the initial rate of decomposition of N2O5.

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교과서 질문

From a plot of the concentration–time data in Worked Example 14.9, estimate: (b) the initial rate of decomposition of NO2.

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Draw a plausible transition state for the bimolecular reaction of nitric oxide with ozone. Use dashed lines to indicate the atoms that are weakly linked together in the transition state. NO(g) + O3(g) NO2(g) + O2(g)

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교과서 질문

Consider a reaction that occurs by the following mechanism:

A + BC → AC + B

AC + D → A + CD

The potential energy profile for this reaction is as follows:

(d) Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic? Add labels to the diagram that show the values of the energy of reaction ΔE and the activation energy Ea for the overall reaction.

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교과서 질문

From a plot of the concentration–time data in Worked Example 14.9, estimate: (a) the instantaneous rate of decomposition of NO2 at t = 100 s.

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Use the information in Table 14.1 and Figure 14.1 to estimate the instantaneous rate of appearance of NO2 at t = 350 s by calculating the average rate of appearance of NO2 over the following time intervals centered on t = 350 s. (a) 0 to 700 s (b) 100 to 600 s (c) 200 to 500 s (d) 300 to 400 s Which is the best estimate, and why?
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