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Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions
McMurry - Chemistry 8th Edition
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
모든 교과서McMurry 8th EditionCh.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions문제 159
2장, 문제 159

What are the charges on the positive ions in the following compounds? (a) Zn(CN)2 (b) Fe(NO2)3 (c) Ti(SO4)2 (d) Sn3(PO4)2 (e) Hg2S (f) MnO2 (g) KIO (h) Cu(CH3CO2)2

검증된 단계별 안내
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Step 1: Identify the overall charge of the compound. Since these are neutral compounds, the sum of the charges of the positive and negative ions must equal zero.
Step 2: Determine the charge of the negative ion (anion) in each compound. Use the known charges of common polyatomic ions and monatomic ions. For example, CN^- has a charge of -1, NO2^- has a charge of -1, SO4^2- has a charge of -2, PO4^3- has a charge of -3, S^2- has a charge of -2, O^2- has a charge of -2, IO^- has a charge of -1, and CH3CO2^- has a charge of -1.
Step 3: Calculate the total negative charge in each compound by multiplying the charge of the anion by the number of anions present in the formula. For example, in Zn(CN)2, there are 2 CN^- ions, so the total negative charge is 2(-1) = -2.
Step 4: Determine the charge on the positive ion (cation) by ensuring the total positive charge balances the total negative charge to make the compound neutral. For example, in Zn(CN)2, the total negative charge is -2, so the charge on Zn must be +2 to balance it.
Step 5: Repeat the process for each compound, ensuring the sum of the charges of the cations and anions equals zero for each compound.

주요 개념

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Oxidation States

Oxidation states, or oxidation numbers, indicate the degree of oxidation of an atom in a compound. They help in determining the charge of ions in ionic compounds. For example, in Zn(CN)2, zinc typically has an oxidation state of +2, which is essential for identifying the charge of the positive ion.
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Oxidation Numbers

Polyatomic Ions

Polyatomic ions are charged entities composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded, which function as a single ion. Understanding common polyatomic ions, such as sulfate (SO4^2-) or nitrate (NO3^-), is crucial for determining the overall charge balance in compounds like Fe(NO2)3 and Ti(SO4)2.
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Polyatomic Ion Variations

Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds consist of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions. The overall charge of the compound must be neutral, which means the total positive charge from cations must equal the total negative charge from anions. This principle is key to deducing the charges on the positive ions in compounds like Sn3(PO4)2 and Cu(CH3CO2)2.
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Ionic Compounds Naming
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